Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword.
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动脉粥样硬化中的血管周围脂肪组织(PVAT):一把双刃剑

DOI:
10.1186/s12933-018-0777-x
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发表时间:
2018-10-10
影响因子:
9.3
通讯作者:
Jiang ZS
Jiang ZS
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Qi XY;Qu SL;Xiong WH;Rom O;Chang L;Jiang ZS

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血管周围脂肪组织(PVAT)是围绕大部分血管的脂肪组织,已成为血管壁的活性成分,调节血管稳态并影响动脉粥样硬化的发病机制。虽然PVAT的特征类似于棕色和白色脂肪组织,但最近的证据表明PVAT是从其自身独特的前体发展而来的,这意味着PVAT与血管系统之间的联系更紧密。在生理条件下,PVAT具有有效的抗动脉粥样硬化性质,其通过分泌诱导非颤抖性产热和代谢脂肪酸的各种生物活性因子的能力介导。相反,在病理条件下(主要是肥胖),PVAT变得功能失调,失去其产热能力并分泌促炎脂肪因子,其诱导内皮功能障碍和炎性细胞浸润,促进动脉粥样硬化发展。由于PVAT在动脉粥样硬化发展的关键步骤中起着至关重要的作用,因此它可能成为预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化的新靶点。在这里,我们回顾了目前的文献中关于PVAT在动脉粥样硬化发病机制中的作用。
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), the adipose tissue that surrounds most of the vasculature, has emerged as an active component of the blood vessel wall regulating vascular homeostasis and affecting the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although PVAT characteristics resemble both brown and white adipose tissues, recent evidence suggests that PVAT develops from its own distinct precursors implying a closer link between PVAT and vascular system. Under physiological conditions, PVAT has potent anti-atherogenic properties mediated by its ability to secrete various biologically active factors that induce non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolize fatty acids. In contrast, under pathological conditions (mainly obesity), PVAT becomes dysfunctional, loses its thermogenic capacity and secretes pro-inflammatory adipokines that induce endothelial dysfunction and infiltration of inflammatory cells, promoting atherosclerosis development. Since PVAT plays crucial roles in regulating key steps of atherosclerosis development, it may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Here, we review the current literature regarding the roles of PVAT in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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