Automatic and strategic effects in the guidance of attention by working memory representations.
Automatic and strategic effects in the guidance of attention by working memory representations.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.06.012
复制
发表时间：
2011-06
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Woodman, Geoffrey F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlisle, Nancy B.;Woodman, Geoffrey F.
视觉注意理论认为，工作记忆表征会自动将注意力引导到与记忆匹配的物体上。对这一预测的一些实证测试得出了与工作记忆自动引导注意力一致的结果。然而，其他人已经表明，个人可以策略性地控制工作记忆表征是否引导视觉注意。以前的研究没有独立地测量工作记忆和注意力之间相互作用的自动和策略贡献。在这项研究中，我们使用了有效、中性和无效线索的概率的经典操作来梳理这种相互作用的性质。这个框架利用反应时间（RT）的度量来量化参加记忆匹配项目的成本和收益，并推断自动和策略效应的相对大小。即使记忆匹配的项目并不比其他项目更有可能成为目标，我们也发现了成本和收益，这表明了注意力引导的自动成分。然而，当有效提示的试验概率从20%增加到80%时，成本和收益基本上翻了一番，这表明了一种强有力的战略效果。我们还表明，给予参与者的指示导致了指导的显著变化，这与实验期间事件的实际概率不同。总之，这些发现表明，工作记忆表征对注意力的影响是由自动和策略相互作用驱动的。
Theories of visual attention suggest that working memory representations automatically guide attention toward memory-matching objects. Some empirical tests of this prediction have produced results consistent with working memory automatically guiding attention. However, others have shown that individuals can strategically control whether working memory representations guide visual attention. Previous studies have not independently measured automatic and strategic contributions to the interactions between working memory and attention. In this study, we used a classic manipulation of the probability of valid, neutral, and invalid cues to tease apart the nature of such interactions. This framework utilizes measures of reaction time (RT) to quantify the costs and benefits of attending to memory-matching items and infer the relative magnitudes of automatic and strategic effects. We found both costs and benefits even when the memory-matching item was no more likely to be the target than other items, indicating an automatic component of attentional guidance. However, the costs and benefits essentially doubled as the probability of a trial with a valid cue increased from 20% to 80%, demonstrating a potent strategic effect. We also show that the instructions given to participants led to a significant change in guidance distinct from the actual probability of events during the experiment. Together, these findings demonstrate that the influence of working memory representations on attention is driven by both automatic and strategic interactions.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.33.2.363
发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Woodman, Geoffrey F.;Luck, Steven J.
通讯作者：
Luck, Steven J.
DOI：
10.1080/14640749408401131
发表时间：
1994-08-01
期刊：
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION A-HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
VANSELST, M;JOLICOEUR, P
通讯作者：
JOLICOEUR, P
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.423
发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Houtkamp, R;Roelfsema, PR
通讯作者：
Roelfsema, PR
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Hickey, Clayton;Di Lollo, Vincent;McDonald, John J.
通讯作者：
McDonald, John J.
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.31.2.248
发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Soto, D;Heinke, D;Blanco, MJ
通讯作者：
Blanco, MJ