An exercise in disaster: Does policy learning occur after a tabletop crisis scenario?
An exercise in disaster: Does policy learning occur after a tabletop crisis scenario?
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灾难中的演习：政策学习是否发生在桌面危机情景之后？
DOI：
10.1002/rhc3.12256
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McElmurry, Shawn P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor, Kristin;Zarb, Stephanie;Jeschke, Nathan;Sobeck, Joanne;Smith, Richard;Seeger, Matthew;McElmurry, Shawn P.
众所周知，灾害经验可以提高对风险的认识，启动政策学习，并最终加强备灾和减灾。这种经验可以使涉众更容易地降低风险，但是灾难是偶发的、危险的和昂贵的。与此同时，在政策学习、准备和缓解的背景下，管理公共机构和部门的认知社区差异的重要性却很少受到关注。这项研究调查了模拟灾难，如桌面练习，是否有可能影响风险感知，并鼓励以一种与经历实际灾难的影响一致的方式学习。为了验证这一观点，我们分析了从环境保护局饮用水官员和公共卫生利益相关者研讨会收集的调查数据，这些人来自密歇根州东南部和俄亥俄州西北部，包括底特律、弗林特和托莱多。一项测试前和测试后的调查记录了参与者在模拟大规模饮用水灾难的桌面练习之前和之后的信念。结果表明，认知社区在这些练习中很重要，但专业经验不如以前的研究所显示的关于政策问题和政策学习的经验重要。
It is well‐established that experience with a disaster can heighten risk perception, initiate policy learning, and ultimately enhance preparedness and mitigation. This experience can make stakeholders more amenable to mitigating risk, but disasters are sporadic, dangerous, and costly. At the same time, the importance of differences in epistemic communities that manage public agencies and departments has received little attention in the context of policy learning, preparedness, and mitigation. This study investigates whether it is possible for simulated disasters, such as tabletop exercises, to influence risk perception and encourage learning in a way that is consistent with the effects of experiencing an actual disaster. To test this idea, we analyze survey data collected from an Environmental Protection Agency workshop of drinking water officials and public health stakeholders from southeast Michigan and northwest Ohio, including Detroit, Flint, and Toledo. A pre and posttest survey captured participants' beliefs before and after a tabletop exercise designed to simulate a large‐scale drinking water disaster. Results suggest that epistemic communities matter in these exercises but professional experience is less important than what previous studies have shown about experience with a policy problem and policy learning.
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