Distinct roles of soluble and transmembrane adenylyl cyclases in the regulation of flagellar motility in Ciona sperm.
Distinct roles of soluble and transmembrane adenylyl cyclases in the regulation of flagellar motility in Ciona sperm.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms150813192
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发表时间：
2014-07-28
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Inaba K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shiba K;Inaba K
腺苷酸环化酶（AC）是在激活精子运动的信号通路的起始处合成环腺苷酸（cAMP）的关键酶。在这里，我们发现，跨膜AC（tmAC）和可溶性AC（sAC）是明显参与海鞘的精子运动的调节。一个tmAC抑制剂阻断cAMP的合成和激活的精子活力诱导的卵子因子精子激活和吸引因子（SAAF），以及茶碱，磷酸二酯酶抑制剂诱导的。它还显着抑制cAMP依赖性磷酸化的一组蛋白质在运动激活。另一方面，sAC抑制剂不影响SAAF诱导的cAMP瞬时增加，运动激活或蛋白磷酸化，但它降低了茶碱诱导的精子游泳速度的一半。sAC抑制剂KH-7诱导精子形成直径较小的圆形游动轨迹，并显著抑制精子对SAAF的趋化性。这些结果表明，tmAC是参与运动激活的基本机制，通过cAMP依赖的蛋白磷酸化，而sAC中起着不同的作用，在鞭毛的节拍频率的增加和Ca 2+依赖的趋化运动的精子。
Adenylyl cyclase (AC) is a key enzyme that synthesizes cyclic AMP (cAMP) at the onset of the signaling pathway to activate sperm motility. Here, we showed that both transmembrane AC (tmAC) and soluble AC (sAC) are distinctly involved in the regulation of sperm motility in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. A tmAC inhibitor blocked both cAMP synthesis and the activation of sperm motility induced by the egg factor sperm activating and attracting factor (SAAF), as well as those induced by theophylline, an inhibitor of phoshodiesterase. It also significantly inhibited cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a set of proteins at motility activation. On the other hand, a sAC inhibitor does not affect on SAAF-induced transient increase of cAMP, motility activation or protein phosphorylation, but it reduced swimming velocity to half in theophylline-induced sperm. A sAC inhibitor KH-7 induced circular swimming trajectory with smaller diameter and significantly suppressed chemotaxis of sperm to SAAF. These results suggest that tmAC is involved in the basic mechanism for motility activation through cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation, whereas sAC plays distinct roles in increase of flagellar beat frequency and in the Ca2+-dependent chemotactic movement of sperm.
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