When election expectations fail: Polarized perceptions of election legitimacy increase with accumulating evidence of election outcomes and with polarized media.
When election expectations fail: Polarized perceptions of election legitimacy increase with accumulating evidence of election outcomes and with polarized media.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0259473
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Van Boven L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grant MD;Flores A;Pedersen EJ;Sherman DK;Van Boven L
本研究是在 2020 年美国总统大选后立即进行的，研究了民主党和共和党对选举合法性的两极分化评估是否随着时间的推移而加剧。在一项自然主义调查实验中，人们（N = 1,236）在选举日后的一周（投票但结果未知）或在约瑟夫·拜登总统被广泛宣布获胜后的下一周接受随机调查。该设计将选举结果公告与投票本身分开，从而可以更精确地测试源自认知失调理论的预测。正如预测的那样，从选举日后的第一周到第二周，随着拜登获胜的预期得到证实，民主党人对选举合法性的感知有所增加，而共和党人对选举合法性的感知则有所下降，因为他们对特朗普总统获胜的预期并未得到证实。从选举日后的第一周到第二周，共和党人的负面情绪较强，正面情绪较弱，而民主党人的正面情绪较强，负面情绪较弱。对选举合法性的两极分化认知与信任和消费两极分化媒体的倾向相关。随着时间的推移，对福克斯新闻的消费与对选举合法性的看法降低有关，而对其他媒体的消费则与随着时间的推移对选举合法性的看法提高有关。讨论的重点是媒体在认知失调体验中的作用，以及选举合法性的两极分化对心理学、政治学和民主社会未来的影响。
The present study, conducted immediately after the 2020 presidential election in the United States, examined whether Democrats’ and Republicans’ polarized assessments of election legitimacy increased over time. In a naturalistic survey experiment, people (N = 1,236) were randomly surveyed either during the week following Election Day, with votes cast but the outcome unknown, or during the following week, after President Joseph Biden was widely declared the winner. The design unconfounded the election outcome announcement from the vote itself, allowing more precise testing of predictions derived from cognitive dissonance theory. As predicted, perceived election legitimacy increased among Democrats, from the first to the second week following Election Day, as their expected Biden win was confirmed, whereas perceived election legitimacy decreased among Republicans as their expected President Trump win was disconfirmed. From the first to the second week following Election Day, Republicans reported stronger negative emotions and weaker positive emotions while Democrats reported stronger positive emotions and weaker negative emotions. The polarized perceptions of election legitimacy were correlated with the tendencies to trust and consume polarized media. Consumption of Fox News was associated with lowered perceptions of election legitimacy over time whereas consumption of other outlets was associated with higher perceptions of election legitimacy over time. Discussion centers on the role of the media in the experience of cognitive dissonance and the implications of polarized perceptions of election legitimacy for psychology, political science, and the future of democratic society.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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期刊：
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