Treatment of organic resources before soil incorporation in semi-arid regions improves resilience to El Niño, and increases crop production and economic returns
Treatment of organic resources before soil incorporation in semi-arid regions improves resilience to El Niño, and increases crop production and economic returns
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在半干旱地区土壤并入之前对有机资源进行处理可提高对厄尔尼诺现象的抵御能力，并提高作物产量和经济回报
DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/ab2b1b
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Smith J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith J
利用系统模型研究了如何利用有限的有机资源建设半干旱地区的抗旱能力。这项研究的重点是埃塞俄比亚的哈拉巴，利用了2015/16年厄尔尼诺事件之前、期间和之后对农场进行调查所获得的生物物理和社会经济数据。使用简化的天气数据集来消除天气波动中的噪音，十年一次的厄尔尼诺现象被证明会导致土壤的长期退化，使作物产量减少9%-14%，土壤碳减少0.5%-4.1%;更频繁的干旱会增加这种影响。哈拉巴的农民通常将粪肥施在未经处理的土壤上。可以通过增加施用未经处理的粪肥来抵消厄尔尼诺现象对土壤退化的影响，但由于损失了作为燃料的粪肥，净成本很小。通过将粪肥堆肥，它的可降解性增加，使土壤退化可以免费抵消。就粮食和燃料安全而言，对于有水和厌氧消化所需资金（500-2000美元）的家庭来说，调查的最佳选择是使用粪肥生产沼气，然后将营养丰富的生物泥浆残留物施入土壤。这将带来每十年超过5000美元的显著效益，包括增加作物产量和节省燃料成本。然而，许多家庭在水和财政方面受到限制;在这种情况下，便宜得多的热解炉灶（50美元）可以提供类似的经济效益，而不需要水。热解产生的生物炭残渣具有很高的可降解性，但热解会导致营养物质的损失，因此可能导致产量低于其他用途的粪便。这可以通过使用生物炭从农场的其他地方捕获营养物质来解决，例如从动物舍或堆肥坑;需要更多的工作来量化处理过的生物炭对作物产量的影响。
The use of limited organic resources to build resilience to drought in semi-arid regions was investigated using systems modelling. The study focused on Halaba in Ethiopia, drawing on biophysical and socio-economic data obtained from a survey of farms before, during and after the 2015/16 El Niño event. Using a simplified weather dataset to remove noise from weather fluctuations, a ten yearly El Niño was demonstrated to cause significant long-term degradation of soil, reducing crop yields by 9%–14% and soil carbon by 0.5%–4.1%; more frequent droughts would increase this impact. Farmers in Halaba usually apply manures to soils untreated. Counteracting the impact of El Niño on soil degradation is possible by increasing application of untreated manure, but would result in a small net cost due to loss of dung as fuel. By composting manure its recalcitrance increases, allowing soil degradation to be counteracted without cost. The best option investigated, in terms of both food and fuel security, for households with access to water and finances needed for anaerobic digestion (500–2000 US $), is to use manure to produce biogas and then apply the nutrient-rich bioslurry residue to the soil. This will result in a significant benefit of over 5000 US $ per decade from increased crop production and saved fuel costs. However, many households are limited in water and finances; in that situation, the much cheaper pyrolysis cook-stove (50 US $) can provide similar economic benefits without the need for water. The biochar residue from pyrolysis is highly recalcitrant, but pyrolysis results in loss of nutrients, so may result in lower yields than other uses of manures. This may be countered by using biochar to capture nutrients from elsewhere in the farm, such as from animal housing or compost pits; more work is needed to quantify the impact of treated biochar on crop yields.
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