Is the cognitive system much more robust than anticipated? Dual-task costs and residuals in working memory.

Is the cognitive system much more robust than anticipated? Dual-task costs and residuals in working memory.
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认知系统是否比预期的更强大?

DOI:
10.1037/xlm0000961
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Belletier C
Belletier C
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Belletier C

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一些工作记忆(WM)理论假设信息维护和处理之间存在资源共享,而其他理论则认为 WM 的这两种功能依赖于不同的资源池。通过检查双重任务成本是否出现在处理和存储相结合的任务中来解决这个问题的研究得出了不同的结果。虽然其中一些人报告了对称双任务成本,但另一些人发现没有影响或可以忽略不计,还有一些人发现内存性能下降,但处理性能没有下降。在本实验中,我们测试了结果的这些差异是否可能是由于参与者策略性地将任务的一个组成部分优先于另一个组成部分造成的。因此,我们要求参与者在双重任务的一个组成部分中发挥最大水平(即跨度水平),并评估另一部分的表现。与资源共享观点一致,结果表明,跨度执行一项任务会严重降低另一项任务的性能,且成本对称。然而,处理和存储中的重要残差表明认知系统具有意想不到的弹性,任何资源共享理论都必须考虑到这一点。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)
Several working memory (WM) theories assume a resource sharing between the maintenance of information and its processing, whereas other theories suppose that these 2 functions of WM rely on different pools of resources. Studies that addressed this question by examining whether dual-task costs occur in tasks combining processing and storage have led to mixed results. Whereas some of them reported symmetric dual-task costs, others found no or negligible effects, while still others found a reduction in performance in memory but not in processing. In the present experiment, we tested whether these discrepancies in results might be due to participants strategically prioritizing one component of the task over the other. Thus, we asked participants to perform at their maximum level (ie span level) in one component of the dual-task and assessed performance on the other. In line with resource-sharing views, results indicated that performing at span on 1 task strongly degraded performance on the other, with symmetric costs. However, important residuals in both processing and storage suggested an unexpected resilience of the cognitive system that any resource-sharing theory must take into account.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
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