Effect of Thoracic Connective Lesion on Inter-Leg Coordination in Freely Walking Stick Insects.
Effect of Thoracic Connective Lesion on Inter-Leg Coordination in Freely Walking Stick Insects.
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DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2021.628998
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Dürr V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niemeier M;Jeschke M;Dürr V
多腿运动需要所有腿的适当协调并与地面重合。尽管行为导出的协调规则可以充分描述腿间协调的许多方面，但这些规则背后的神经机制仍不完全清楚。在拴系行走的昆虫中，腿部间的协调性受到切断的胸部结缔组织的强烈影响，这一事实表明腿部之间的神经信息交换很重要。迄今为止，最近的研究表明，腿部之间的负载转移可以仅通过机械耦合来促进腿部之间的协调，即腿部之间不需要神经信息交换。由于腿部之间的自然负载转移仅适用于自由行走的动物，而不适用于拴系的动物，因此我们测试了这样的假设：如果可以通过腿部之间的负载转移进行机械耦合，则结缔损伤的影响较小。为此，我们记录了不受约束的手杖昆虫所有腿的伸展/缩回角度，这些昆虫要么有一个胸部结缔组织切口，要么经历了相应的假手术。在病变动物中，切断前胸廓或中胸廓的结缔组织。总体而言，我们对时间协调的结果与已发表的关于拴系行走动物的报告相似，因为紧邻病变的腿的相位关系不太精确，尽管对平均相位的影响相对较弱或不存在。受损动物可以以与对照组相同的速度行走，尽管有明显的侧向偏向完整的一侧。自由行走和支撑动物的损伤效应的详细比较表明，最大的差异涉及腿部之间的空间协调。在自由行走中，受损动物的几乎所有腿的着地和离地位置都发生了显着变化，包括完好身体一侧的腿。我们得出的结论是，如果昆虫经历自然负载分配，通过连接神经传递的神经信息被破坏，它们就会以不同的方式适应这种破坏。虽然机械负荷转移无法补偿损伤引起的腿间协调性影响，但只有当动物承受自身重量时，才会发生空间协调性的一些补偿性变化。
Multi-legged locomotion requires appropriate coordination of all legs with coincident ground contact. Whereas behaviourally derived coordination rules can adequately describe many aspects of inter-leg coordination, the neural mechanisms underlying these rules are still not entirely clear. The fact that inter-leg coordination is strongly affected by cut thoracic connectives in tethered walking insects, shows that neural information exchange among legs is important. As yet, recent studies have shown that load transfer among legs can contribute to inter-leg coordination through mechanical coupling alone, i.e., without neural information exchange among legs. Since naturalistic load transfer among legs works only in freely walking animals but not in tethered animals, we tested the hypothesis that connective lesions have less strong effects if mechanical coupling through load transfer among legs is possible. To do so, we recorded protraction/retraction angles of all legs in unrestrained walking stick insects that either had one thoracic connective cut or had undergone a corresponding sham operation. In lesioned animals, either a pro-to-mesothorax or a meso-to-metathorax connective was cut. Overall, our results on temporal coordination were similar to published reports on tethered walking animals, in that the phase relationship of the legs immediately adjacent to the lesion was much less precise, although the effect on mean phase was relatively weak or absent. Lesioned animals could walk at the same speed as the control group, though with a significant sideward bias toward the intact side. Detailed comparison of lesion effects in free-walking and supported animals reveal that the strongest differences concern the spatial coordination among legs. In free walking, lesioned animals, touch-down and lift-off positions shifted significantly in almost all legs, including legs of the intact body side. We conclude that insects with disrupted neural information transfer through one connective adjust to this disruption differently if they experience naturalistic load distribution. While mechanical load transfer cannot compensate for lesion-induced effects on temporal inter-leg coordination, several compensatory changes in spatial coordination occur only if animals carry their own weight.
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