Dealing with Uncertainty in Agent‐Based Simulation: Farm‐Level Modeling of Adaptation to Climate Change in Southwest Germany

Dealing with Uncertainty in Agent‐Based Simulation: Farm‐Level Modeling of Adaptation to Climate Change in Southwest Germany
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处理基于代理的模拟中的不确定性:德国西南部适应气候变化的农场级建模

DOI:
10.1093/ajae/aau076
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Berger
Berger
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Troost;Berger

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气候变化很可能会使农业生产者面临以前从未观察到且在很大程度上不确定的自然、经济和政治条件。因此,从过去的数据推断达到了极限,需要对农民适应进行基于过程的分析。使用作物生长模型模拟作物产量的变化是朝着这个方向迈出的第一步。然而,作物产量的变化只是气候变化影响农业生产的一条途径。一个有意义的基于过程的农民适应分析需要在农场一级进行整个农场的分析。我们使用高度分散的数学规划模型来分析德国西南部山区农场层面的气候变化适应情况。区域层面的结果是通过模拟研究区域内的每个全职农场来获得的。我们使用谨慎的校准方法和全面的不确定度分析来处理参数不确定性和模型不足。我们使用高效的实验设计和高性能计算来处理由此产生的计算负担。我们的研究表明,在我们的研究区域,改变作物管理时间可能会对农业供应、收入以及在德国和欧洲环境政策计划下推动的各种政策目标产生潜在的重大影响。模拟的效果对模型的不确定性是稳健的,并强调了对气候变化影响的全面评估的重要性,而不仅仅是看作物产量的变化。我们的模拟表明,如果农场级别的模型被嵌入到处理固有模型不确定性的系统框架中,它们如何能够为基于过程的气候变化适应分析做出贡献。
Climate change will most likely confront agricultural producers with natural, economic, and political conditions that have not previously been observed and are largely uncertain. As a consequence, extrapolation from past data reaches its limits, and a process‐based analysis of farmer adaptation is required. Simulation of changes in crop yields using crop growth models is a first step in that direction. However, changes in crop yields are only one pathway through which climate change affects agricultural production. A meaningful process‐based analysis of farmer adaptation requires a whole‐farm analysis at the farm level. We use a highly disaggregated mathematical programming model to analyze farm‐level climate change adaptation for a mountainous area in southwest Germany. Regional‐level results are obtained by simulating each full‐time farm holding in the study area. We address parameter uncertainty and model underdetermination using a cautious calibration approach and a comprehensive uncertainty analysis. We deal with the resulting computational burden using efficient experimental designs and high‐performance computing. We show that in our study area, shifted crop management time slots can have potentially significant effects on agricultural supply, incomes, and various policy objectives promoted under German and European environmental policy schemes. The simulated effects are robust against model uncertainty and underline the importance of a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts beyond merely looking at crop yield changes. Our simulations demonstrate how farm‐level models can contribute to a process‐based analysis of climate change adaptation if they are embedded into a systematic framework for treating inherent model uncertainty.
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