Nonlinear inclusion theory with application to the growth and morphogenesis of a confined body

Nonlinear inclusion theory with application to the growth and morphogenesis of a confined body
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非线性包含理论在约束体的生长和形态发生中的应用

DOI:
10.1016/j.jmps.2021.104709
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Cohen, Tal
Cohen, Tal
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li, Jian;Kothari, Mrityunjay;Chockalingam, S.;Henzel, Thomas;Zhang, Qiuting;Li, Xuanhe;Yan, Jing;Cohen, Tal

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对材料力学行为研究最著名的贡献之一是J.D. Eshelby,他在50年代末彻底改变了我们对弹性应力和应变场的理解,这是由于椭球体夹杂物/不均匀性经历了形状和尺寸的转变。虽然Eshelby的工作为断裂力学、相变理论和均质化方法等各个领域的重大进展奠定了基础,但将其扩展到大变形范围,以及材料在有限变形应变下能够主动重组的情况,尚处于萌芽状态。除了高度非线性的材料响应所带来的理论困难之外,一个主要的障碍是缺乏实验观察来阐明在这种情况下出现的复杂性。为了解决这一限制,我们的实验观察揭示了嵌入水凝胶中的霍乱弧菌生物膜的关键形态发生步骤,因为它们从最初的大小增长了四个数量级。以生物膜生长为例,我们的理论模型考虑了不同的生长情况,并采用了两种不同的互补方法-最小解析模型和有限元计算-来获得近似的平衡解。特别强调的是确定包裹体的自然生长路径,优化其形状以响应限制,以及基质中损伤的开始,这共同解释了观察到的生物膜的行为。除了细菌生物膜,这项工作还揭示了力学在确定受限生长体形态发生途径中的作用,因此适用于自然和工程材料系统中普遍存在的广泛现象。
One of the most celebrated contributions to the study of the mechanical behavior of materials is due to J.D. Eshelby, who in the late 50s revolutionized our understanding of the elastic stress and strain fields due to an ellipsoidal inclusion/inhomogeneity that undergoes a transformation of shape and size. While Eshelby’s work laid the foundation for significant advancements in various fields, including fracture mechanics, theory of phase transitions, and homogenization methods, its extension into the range of large deformations, and to situations in which the material can actively reorganize in response to the finite transformation strain, is in a nascent state. Beyond the theoretical difficulties imposed by highly nonlinear material response, a major hindrance has been the absence of experimental observations that can elucidate the intricacies that arise in this regime. To address this limitation, our experimental observations reveal the key morphogenesis steps ofVibrio choleraebiofilms embedded in hydrogels, as they grow by four orders of magnitude from their initial size. Using the biofilm growth as a case study, our theoretical model considers various growth scenarios and employs two different and complimentary methods – a minimal analytical model and finite element computations – to obtain approximate equilibrium solutions. A particular emphasis is put on determining thenatural growth pathof an inclusion that optimizes its shape in response to the confinement, and the onset of damage in the matrix, which together explain the observed behavior of biofilms. Beyond bacterial biofilms, this work sheds light on the role of mechanics in determining the morphogenesis pathways of confined growing bodies and thus applies to a broad range of phenomena that are ubiquitous in both natural and engineered material systems.
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