The function and clinical application of extracellular vesicles in innate immune regulation

The function and clinical application of extracellular vesicles in innate immune regulation
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细胞外囊泡在天然免疫调节中的作用及临床应用

DOI:
10.1038/s41423-020-0391-1
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发表时间:
2020-03
影响因子:
24.1
通讯作者:
Zhou F
Zhou F
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhou X;Xie F;Wang L;Zhang L;Zhang S;Fang M;Zhou F

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先天免疫系统在宿主防御病毒和微生物感染中起着至关重要的作用。外泌体构成细胞外囊泡(EV)的子集,其可以由几乎所有细胞类型释放。由于它们能够保护有效载荷免于降解并逃避免疫系统的识别和随后的去除,外泌体有效地将功能组分转运到受体细胞。越来越多的证据表明,来源于肿瘤细胞、宿主细胞甚至细菌和寄生虫的外泌体介导入侵者和先天免疫细胞之间的通讯,从而在病原体和供体细胞衍生分子的传播中发挥不可替代的功能,调节宿主的先天免疫应答。在这篇综述中,我们描述了目前对EV的理解(主要集中在外泌体),并总结和讨论了它们在决定先天免疫反应中的关键作用。此外,我们还讨论了在诊断和治疗应用中使用外泌体作为生物标志物和癌症疫苗的潜力。
The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the host defense against viral and microbial infection. Exosomes constitute a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be released by almost all cell types. Owing to their capacity to shield the payload from degradation and to evade recognition and subsequent removal by the immune system, exosomes efficiently transport functional components to recipient cells. Accumulating evidence has recently shown that exosomes derived from tumor cells, host cells and even bacteria and parasites mediate the communication between the invader and innate immune cells and thus play an irreplaceable function in the dissemination of pathogens and donor cell-derived molecules, modulating the innate immune responses of the host. In this review, we describe the current understanding of EVs (mainly focusing on exosomes) and summarize and discuss their crucial roles in determining innate immune responses. Additionally, we discuss the potential of using exosomes as biomarkers and cancer vaccines in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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