Early-Life Effects on Adult Physical Activity: Concepts, Relevance, and Experimental Approaches.
Early-Life Effects on Adult Physical Activity: Concepts, Relevance, and Experimental Approaches.
复制标题
早期对成人体育锻炼的影响：概念，相关性和实验方法。
DOI：
10.1086/689775
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Waterland RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garland T Jr;Cadney MD;Waterland RA
运动是动物生活的一个决定性特征，在大多数行为中起着至关重要的作用。运动包括体力活动，这可能会对生理学和神经生物学产生深远的影响，无论是急性的还是慢性的。在人类群体和实验室啮齿动物中，较高水平的体力活动通常与积极的健康结果相关，尽管过度运动可能会产生不利的后果。这种关系是否以及如何在野生动物身上发生尚不清楚。个体之间的行为差异源于遗传和环境因素及其相互作用，也源于发育规划(早期生活环境的持续影响)。尽管在确定遗传和环境对个体行为差异的影响方面已经取得了巨大的进展，但早期生活的影响还没有被很好地理解。在某些情况下，早期生命效应可能会在一次暴露后的多个世代中持续存在，原则上可能会限制或促进生物组织多个层面的进化速度。了解这种跨代效应的机制(例如，在子宫中暴露于应激激素、遗传性表观遗传改变)可能被证明是解释对选择的意外和/或性别特异性反应以及适应限制的关键。一个受到越来越多关注的领域是早期生活对成人体育活动的影响。来自流行病学研究的相关数据表明，早期营养应激可以(不利地)影响成人的活动水平和相关的生理特征(例如，身体成分、代谢健康)。现有的对实验室啮齿动物的少数研究表明，母体运动和早期运动都可以影响成年鼠的体力活动水平和相关表型。展望未来，啮齿动物为(多代)早期生活影响的实验研究提供了许多机会，包括使用母体暴露和交叉养育设计的研究。
Locomotion is a defining characteristic of animal life and plays a crucial role in most behaviors. Locomotion involves physical activity, which can have far-reaching effects on physiology and neurobiology, both acutely and chronically. In human populations and in laboratory rodents, higher levels of physical activity are generally associated with positive health outcomes, although excessive exercise can have adverse consequences. If and how such relationships occur in wild animals is unknown. Behavioral variation among individuals arises from genetic and environmental factors, their interactions, and also from developmental programming (persistent effects of early-life environment). Although tremendous progress has been made in identifying genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in behavior, early-life effects are not well understood. Early-life effects can in some cases persist across multiple generations following a single exposure and, in principle, may constrain or facilitate the rate of evolution at multiple levels of biological organization. Understanding the mechanisms of such trans-generational effects (e.g., exposure to stress hormones in utero, inherited epigenetic alterations) may prove crucial to explaining unexpected and/or sex-specific responses to selection, as well as limits to adaptation. One area receiving increased attention is early-life effects on adult physical activity. Correlational data from epidemiological studies suggest that early-life nutritional stress can (adversely) affect adult human activity levels and associated physiological traits (e.g., body composition, metabolic health). The few existing studies of laboratory rodents demonstrate that both maternal and early-life exercise can affect adult levels of physical activity and related phenotypes. Going forward, rodents offer many opportunities for experimental studies of (multi-generational) early-life effects, including studies that use maternal exposures and cross-fostering designs.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Andersen, Lise Geisler;Angquist, Lars;Baker, Jennifer L.
通讯作者：
Baker, Jennifer L.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Baker, M. S.;Li, G.;Waterland, R. A.
通讯作者：
Waterland, R. A.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
BAUWENS, D;GARLAND, T;VANDAMME, R
通讯作者：
VANDAMME, R
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Bouret, SG;Draper, SJ;Simerly, RB
通讯作者：
Simerly, RB
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Carter, DR;Mikic, B;Padian, K
通讯作者：
Padian, K