Comparison of Japanese and Scottish Mother-Infant Intersubjectivity: Resonance of Timing, Anticipation, and Empathy During Feeding.
Comparison of Japanese and Scottish Mother-Infant Intersubjectivity: Resonance of Timing, Anticipation, and Empathy During Feeding.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.724871
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kawahara N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Negayama K;Delafield-Butt JT;Momose K;Ishijima K;Kawahara N
喂养涉及到母亲和婴儿之间的交流，需要在与食物的特殊三位一体关系中保持精确的同步。这与他们的主体间性密切相关。本研究通过视频观察了11对日本和10对苏格兰母子在6个月和9个月时的喂养互动同步，比较了母子主体间性的发展。日本母亲在婴儿早期喂养时更加慎重，而苏格兰母亲在婴儿早期喂养时明显比日本母亲更具强制性。日本母亲把勺子递给婴儿时，会停顿一下，以调整插入的时间，以适应婴儿的准备程度，而苏格兰母亲没有观察到这种停顿。观察到母亲和婴儿的同构张嘴。这种共情母性表现是苏格兰和日本母亲在婴儿喂养中主体间性的一个重要因素。苏格兰母亲的嘴总是跟随着婴儿的嘴张开，但大约一半的日本母亲比婴儿先开口。此外，苏格兰婴儿和母亲的嘴几乎在插入勺子的同时张开。相比之下，日本母亲的嘴张开并不与插入同时发生，而是接近于勺子到达，这是一个微妙但重要的区别，允许婴儿更大的自主权。在9个月大的时候，苏格兰母婴互动的时间结构比日本更简单，更可预测，日本的结构更多变，可能是由于苏格兰母亲的监管更严格。综上所述，苏格兰的母婴主体间性表现为更多的母性反应和以母亲为中心，而日本的母婴主体间性表现为更多的母性共情和以婴儿为中心。日本和苏格兰在喂养过程中的主体间性文化差异进一步讨论了与三元关系和养育方式的关系。
Feeding involves communication between mothers and infants and requires precise synchrony in a special triadic relationship with the food. It is deeply related to their intersubjectivity. This study compared the development of mother–infant intersubjectivity through interactional synchrony in feeding between 11 Japanese and 10 Scottish mother–infant dyads, observed at 6 and 9 months by video. Japanese mothers were more deliberate in feeding at an earlier age, whereas Scottish mothers were significantly more coercive than Japanese mothers at an earlier age. Japanese mothers brought the spoon to infants with a pause to adjust the timing of insertion to match their infants’ readiness, whereas this pause was not observed in Scottish mothers. Isomorphic mouth opening between mothers and infants was observed. This empathic maternal display is an important element of intersubjectivity in infant feeding that differed between Scottish and Japanese mothers. Scottish mothers’ mouth opening always followed their infants’ mouth opening, but about half of Japanese mothers preceded their infants. Further, the mouths of Scottish infants and mothers opened almost at the same time as spoon insertion. In contrast, Japanese mothers’ mouth opening did not co-occur with the insertion but was close to spoon arrival, a subtle but important difference that allows for greater infant autonomy. The time structure of Scottish mother-infant interactions was simpler and more predictable at 9 months than in Japan, where the structure was more variable, likely due to a stronger regulation by Scottish mothers. In conclusion, Scottish mother-infant intersubjectivity is characterized as more maternally reactive and mother-centered, whereas Japanese mother-infant intersubjectivity is characterized as more maternally empathetic and infant-centered. Cultural differences in intersubjectivity during feeding between Japan and Scotland are further discussed in relation to triadic relationships and parenting styles.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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