The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity, and metabolic disease risk in rural South African children.
The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity, and metabolic disease risk in rural South African children.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-10-158
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发表时间：
2010-03-25
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Norris SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kimani-Murage EW;Kahn K;Pettifor JM;Tollman SM;Dunger DB;Gómez-Olivé XF;Norris SA
低收入和中等收入国家正在经历健康转型，尽管营养不足和传染病持续存在，但非传染性疾病在很大程度上造成了疾病负担。本研究旨在调查南非农村一组儿童和青少年发育迟缓和超重/肥胖的患病率和模式，以及代谢性疾病的风险。对3511名1-20岁的儿童和青少年进行了横断面生长调查，这些儿童和青少年是通过分层随机抽样从南非普马兰加省阿金库尔街道的先前经点算的人口中选出的。人体测量包括身高、体重和腰围采用标准程序。对9 ~ 20岁青少年进行Tanner青春期评价。生长z分数是根据2006年世卫组织5岁以下儿童标准和1977年国家卫生统计中心/世卫组织较大儿童参考标准生成的。<18岁的超重和肥胖采用国际肥胖工作组BMI截断值确定，而≥18岁的超重和肥胖分别采用BMI≥25和≥30 kg/m2的成人截断值。男性腰围≥94 cm，女性腰围≥80 cm，男女腰高比均为0.5，用于确定青少年代谢性疾病的风险。大约五分之一的1-4岁儿童发育迟缓；其中三分之一的人一岁。与此同时，在男孩中几乎不存在的超重和肥胖的合并患病率在青春期女孩中相当高，随着年龄的增长而增加，在青春期后期达到约20-25%。中心性肥胖在青春期女孩中很普遍，随着性成熟而增加，在Tanner阶段5达到35%的峰值，表明代谢性疾病的风险增加。该研究强调，在过渡社会中，早期发育迟缓和青少年肥胖可能共存于同一社会地理人群中。这种情况很可能与营养和饮食的变化有关，但传染病负担和身体活动模式以及社会影响等因素的变化需要进行调查。由于肥胖和成人身材矮小是代谢综合征和2型糖尿病的危险因素，早期发育迟缓和青少年肥胖的结合可能是一个爆炸性的组合。
Low- to middle-income countries are undergoing a health transition with non-communicable diseases contributing substantially to disease burden, despite persistence of undernutrition and infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and patterns of stunting and overweight/obesity, and hence risk for metabolic disease, in a group of children and adolescents in rural South Africa. A cross-sectional growth survey was conducted involving 3511 children and adolescents 1-20 years, selected through stratified random sampling from a previously enumerated population living in Agincourt sub-district, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight and waist circumference were taken using standard procedures. Tanner pubertal assessment was conducted among adolescents 9-20 years. Growth z-scores were generated using 2006 WHO standards for children up to five years and 1977 NCHS/WHO reference for older children. Overweight and obesity for those <18 years were determined using International Obesity Task Force BMI cut-offs, while adult cut-offs of BMI ≥ 25 and ≥ 30 kg/m2 for overweight and obesity respectively were used for those ≥ 18 years. Waist circumference cut-offs of ≥ 94 cm for males and ≥ 80 cm for females and waist-to-height ratio of 0.5 for both sexes were used to determine metabolic disease risk in adolescents. About one in five children aged 1-4 years was stunted; one in three of those aged one year. Concurrently, the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity, almost non-existent in boys, was substantial among adolescent girls, increasing with age and reaching approximately 20-25% in late adolescence. Central obesity was prevalent among adolescent girls, increasing with sexual maturation and reaching a peak of 35% at Tanner Stage 5, indicating increased risk for metabolic disease. The study highlights that in transitional societies, early stunting and adolescent obesity may co-exist in the same socio-geographic population. It is likely that this profile relates to changes in nutrition and diet, but variation in factors such as infectious disease burden and physical activity patterns, as well as social influences, need to be investigated. As obesity and adult short stature are risk factors for metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes, this combination of early stunting and adolescent obesity may be an explosive combination.
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影响因子：
168.9
作者：
de Waal, A;Whiteside, A
通讯作者：
Whiteside, A
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Bosy-Westphal, Anja;Plachta-Danielzik, Sandra;Mueller, Manfred J.
通讯作者：
Mueller, Manfred J.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Eisenmann, JC;Welk, GJ;Blair, SN
通讯作者：
Blair, SN
DOI：
10.1080/14034950701356385
发表时间：
2007-08
期刊：
Scandinavian journal of public health. Supplement
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hunter LM;Twine W;Patterson L
通讯作者：
Patterson L
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Kahn, Kathleen;Garenne, Michel L.;Tollman, Stephen M.
通讯作者：
Tollman, Stephen M.