The evolutionary consequences of human-wildlife conflict in cities.
The evolutionary consequences of human-wildlife conflict in cities.
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.13131
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Murray MH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schell CJ;Stanton LA;Young JK;Angeloni LM;Lambert JE;Breck SW;Murray MH
随着全球城市化的扩张为人们创造了更多与野生动物相遇的机会，包括人兽冲突在内的人与野生动物的相互作用日益普遍。野生动物与车辆的碰撞、人畜共患病的传播、财产损失以及对人或其宠物的人身攻击，对人类和野生动物都产生了负面影响，这凸显了制定全面策略以减轻和预防冲突的必要性。管理技术通常旨在威慑、迁移或清除个体生物，所有这些在城市和非城市系统中都可能产生强大的选择压力。管理诱导的选择可能会显著影响城市种群的适应性或非适应性进化过程，但很少有研究阐明冲突、野生动物管理和城市进化之间的联系。此外，冲突管理的强度可能因分类群、公众认知、政策、宗教和文化信仰以及地理区域而有很大差异，这凸显了开发灵活工具以减少冲突的复杂性。在此，我们提出一个跨学科的视角，将人兽冲突、野生动物管理和城市进化相结合，以探讨社会生态过程如何驱动城市中野生动物的适应。我们强调，实施的管理行动的差异塑造了表型和进化变化的强度和速率。我们还考虑特定的管理策略如何促进遗传或可塑性变化，以及利用这些生物学推论如何有助于优化管理行动同时将冲突降至最低。将人兽冲突作为一种进化现象进行研究，可能会为冲突是如何产生的以及管理在塑造城市野生动物表型方面如何发挥关键作用提供见解。
Human–wildlife interactions, including human–wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter wildlife. Wildlife–vehicle collisions, zoonotic disease transmission, property damage, and physical attacks to people or their pets have negative consequences for both people and wildlife, underscoring the need for comprehensive strategies that mitigate and prevent conflict altogether. Management techniques often aim to deter, relocate, or remove individual organisms, all of which may present a significant selective force in both urban and nonurban systems. Management‐induced selection may significantly affect the adaptive or nonadaptive evolutionary processes of urban populations, yet few studies explicate the links among conflict, wildlife management, and urban evolution. Moreover, the intensity of conflict management can vary considerably by taxon, public perception, policy, religious and cultural beliefs, and geographic region, which underscores the complexity of developing flexible tools to reduce conflict. Here, we present a cross‐disciplinary perspective that integrates human–wildlife conflict, wildlife management, and urban evolution to address how social–ecological processes drive wildlife adaptation in cities. We emphasize that variance in implemented management actions shapes the strength and rate of phenotypic and evolutionary change. We also consider how specific management strategies either promote genetic or plastic changes, and how leveraging those biological inferences could help optimize management actions while minimizing conflict. Investigating human–wildlife conflict as an evolutionary phenomenon may provide insights into how conflict arises and how management plays a critical role in shaping urban wildlife phenotypes.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2015.0728
发表时间：
2015-07-07
期刊：
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Asgharian H;Chang PL;Lysenkov S;Scobeyeva VA;Reisen WK;Nuzhdin SV
通讯作者：
Nuzhdin SV
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Breck, Stewart W.;Poessel, Sharon A.;Young, Julie K.
通讯作者：
Young, Julie K.
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
Anand, Shaurabh;Binoy, Vilakkathala Vijayan;Radhakrishna, Sindhu
通讯作者：
Radhakrishna, Sindhu
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Brotcorne, Fany;Giraud, Gwennan;Leca, Jean-Baptiste
通讯作者：
Leca, Jean-Baptiste
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Chalkowski, Kayleigh;Wilson, Alan E.;Zohdy, Sarah
通讯作者：
Zohdy, Sarah