Hydrogen Bonding Phase-Transfer Catalysis with Alkali Metal Fluorides and Beyond.

Hydrogen Bonding Phase-Transfer Catalysis with Alkali Metal Fluorides and Beyond.
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用碱金属氟化物及其他化合物进行氢键相转移催化。

DOI:
10.1021/jacs.2c00190
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发表时间:
2022-03-30
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Gouverneur, Veronique
Gouverneur, Veronique
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pupo, Gabriele;Gouverneur, Veronique

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相转移催化(PTC)是不对称合成中最有效的催化方法之一。手性阳离子或阴离子PTC策略已经实现了各种转化,然而关于使用不溶性无机盐作为亲核试剂用于合成对映体富集分子的研究仍然是难以捉摸的。一个长期存在的挑战是开发由容易获得且具有成本效益的碱金属氟化物形成不对称碳-氟键的方法。在这个角度来看,我们描述了氢键供体如何通过氟化物结合提供解决方案。我们使用的例子,主要是从我们自己的研究,讨论氢键相互作用如何影响氟化物的反应性和氢键供体作为相转移催化剂的作用,使固相碱金属氟化物在溶液中。这些研究导致了氢键相转移催化(HB-PTC),这是PTC中的一个新概念,最初是为碱金属氟化物制作的,但提供了超越对映选择性的机会。展望未来,人们可以考虑使氢键供体、无机盐和亲电体多样化的无限选择预示着相转移催化的新时代。晶格能明显高于迄今为止所研究的那些的大量无机盐是否可以被认为是亲核试剂,例如,CaF 2仍然是一个悬而未决的问题,可以通过协同PTC催化或超越PTC找到解决方案。
Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) is one of the most powerful catalytic manifolds for asymmetric synthesis. Chiral cationic or anionic PTC strategies have enabled a variety of transformations, yet studies on the use of insoluble inorganic salts as nucleophiles for the synthesis of enantioenriched molecules have remained elusive. A long-standing challenge is the development of methods for asymmetric carbon–fluorine bond formation from readily available and cost-effective alkali metal fluorides. In this Perspective, we describe how H-bond donors can provide a solution through fluoride binding. We use examples, primarily from our own research, to discuss how hydrogen bonding interactions impact fluoride reactivity and the role of H-bond donors as phase-transfer catalysts to bring solid-phase alkali metal fluorides in solution. These studies led to hydrogen bonding phase-transfer catalysis (HB-PTC), a new concept in PTC, originally crafted for alkali metal fluorides but offering opportunities beyond enantioselective fluorination. Looking ahead, the unlimited options that one can consider to diversify the H-bond donor, the inorganic salt, and the electrophile, herald a new era in phase-transfer catalysis. Whether abundant inorganic salts of lattice energy significantly higher than those studied to date could be considered as nucleophiles, e.g., CaF2, remains an open question, with solutions that may be found through synergistic PTC catalysis or beyond PTC.
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