Defense traits in the long-lived Great Basin bristlecone pine and resistance to the native herbivore mountain pine beetle.
Defense traits in the long-lived Great Basin bristlecone pine and resistance to the native herbivore mountain pine beetle.
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.14191
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发表时间：
2017-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mock KE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bentz BJ;Hood SM;Hansen EM;Vandygriff JC;Mock KE
山松甲虫（Dendroctonus ponderosae， MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae）是松树的重要致死因子，气候驱动的范围正在扩大。在最近入侵的地区，包括高海拔地区，松树的防御能力预计会低于MPB长期存在的地区。最近在北美大盆地（GB）地区的高海拔森林中观测到MPB。尽管两种长寿物种——中国毛尾松（Pinus longaeva）和狐尾松（P. balfouriana）与一种常见的MPB寄主——柔韧松（P. flexilis）同属一地，但它们的防御和易感性尚不清楚。研究了同域分布的赤胆软松林和狐尾软松林的相对MPB易感性和本构防御能力。MPB引起的死亡率在软木中广泛存在，在狐尾松中较低，在英国狐尾松中不存在。在本构单萜、树脂导管和木材密度等防御性状方面，狐尾草和狐尾草均高于软松木。相对于其他高海拔松树，狐尾松和狐尾松具有相对较高的组成防御水平，这使得它们不容易受到气候驱动的MPB范围扩张的影响。长期选择性草食压力和树木寿命特征的消除是潜在的解释，突出了气候变化下预测植物-昆虫相互作用的复杂性。
Mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a significant mortality agent of Pinus, and climate‐driven range expansion is occurring. Pinus defenses in recently invaded areas, including high elevations, are predicted to be lower than in areas with longer term MPB presence. MPB was recently observed in high‐elevation forests of the Great Basin (GB) region, North America. Defense and susceptibility in two long‐lived species, GB bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana), are unclear, although they are sympatric with a common MPB host, limber pine (P. flexilis). We surveyed stands with sympatric GB bristlecone–limber pine and foxtail–limber pine to determine relative MPB attack susceptibility and constitutive defenses. MPB‐caused mortality was extensive in limber, low in foxtail and absent in GB bristlecone pine. Defense traits, including constitutive monoterpenes, resin ducts and wood density, were higher in GB bristlecone and foxtail than in limber pine. GB bristlecone and foxtail pines have relatively high levels of constitutive defenses which make them less vulnerable to climate‐driven MPB range expansion relative to other high‐elevation pines. Long‐term selective herbivore pressure and exaptation of traits for tree longevity are potential explanations, highlighting the complexity of predicting plant–insect interactions under climate change.
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