Revisiting sex differences in the acquisition and extinction of threat conditioning in humans.
Revisiting sex differences in the acquisition and extinction of threat conditioning in humans.
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DOI：
10.1101/lm.053521.121
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Milad, Mohammed R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wen, Zhenfu;Fried, Jamie;Pace-Schott, Edward F.;Lazar, Sara W.;Milad, Mohammed R.
有关性别差异的收购和灭绝的威胁条件反射，一个范式广泛用于研究情绪稳态，仍然不一致，特别是在人类。这种不一致性可能是由于多种因素造成的，其中之一是样本量。在这里，我们汇集了功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）和皮肤电导反应（SCR）的数据，从多项研究中健康的人来检查性别差异在威胁条件反射，灭绝学习和灭绝记忆回忆。我们观察到男性，相对于女性，在多个顶叶和额叶（内侧和外侧）皮层区域在收购的威胁条件和灭绝学习功能激活增加。女性主要表现出较高的杏仁核激活过程中的灭绝记忆回忆熄灭的条件刺激，也同时响应于非条件刺激（呈现的冲击）在威胁条件。全脑功能连接分析显示，女性在晚期灭绝学习过程中表现出多个网络的连接性增加，包括视觉，腹侧注意力和躯体运动网络。在心理生理水平上，只有在电击过程中观察到性别差异，男性表现出较高的无条件反应相对于女性。我们的研究结果表明，在获得和灭绝的条件反射的表达，这种反应的性别差异极小或没有。然而，功能性磁共振成像的结果显示出一些不同的功能激活和两性之间的连接。这些数据表明，男性和女性可能会使用不同的神经机制，主要涉及到认知处理，以实现可比水平的收购条件反射威胁线索。
Findings pertaining to sex differences in the acquisition and extinction of threat conditioning, a paradigm widely used to study emotional homeostasis, remain inconsistent, particularly in humans. This inconsistency is likely due to multiple factors, one of which is sample size. Here, we pooled functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and skin conductance response (SCR) data from multiple studies in healthy humans to examine sex differences during threat conditioning, extinction learning, and extinction memory recall. We observed increased functional activation in males, relative to females, in multiple parietal and frontal (medial and lateral) cortical regions during acquisition of threat conditioning and extinction learning. Females mainly exhibited higher amygdala activation during extinction memory recall to the extinguished conditioned stimulus and also while responding to the unconditioned stimulus (presentation of the shock) during threat conditioning. Whole-brain functional connectivity analyses revealed that females showed increased connectivity across multiple networks including visual, ventral attention, and somatomotor networks during late extinction learning. At the psychophysiological level, a sex difference was only observed during shock delivery, with males exhibiting higher unconditioned responses relative to females. Our findings point to minimal to no sex differences in the expression of conditioned responses during acquisition and extinction of such responses. Functional MRI findings, however, show some distinct functional activations and connectivities between the sexes. These data suggest that males and females might use different neural mechanisms, mainly related to cognitive processing, to achieve comparable levels of acquired conditioned responses to threating cues.
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影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Gruene TM;Roberts E;Thomas V;Ronzio A;Shansky RM
通讯作者：
Shansky RM
DOI：
10.1038/s41583-020-0350-y
发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
Nature reviews. Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gothard KM
通讯作者：
Gothard KM
影响因子：
48
作者：
Esteban, Oscar;Markiewicz, Christopher J.;Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.
通讯作者：
Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.
激素循环，大脑网络连通性和易感障碍脆弱性的窗户。
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Andreano JM;Touroutoglou A;Dickerson B;Barrett LF
通讯作者：
Barrett LF
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Berg, Hannah;Ma, Yizhou;Rueter, Amanda;Kaczkurkin, Antonia;Burton, Philip C.;DeYoung, Colin G.;MacDonald, Angus W., III;Sponheim, Scott R.;Lissek, Shmuel M.
通讯作者：
Lissek, Shmuel M.