Preventing heat-related morbidity and mortality: new approaches in a changing climate.
Preventing heat-related morbidity and mortality: new approaches in a changing climate.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.08.005
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发表时间：
2009-10-20
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Schwartz JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Neill MS;Carter R;Kish JK;Gronlund CJ;White-Newsome JL;Manarolla X;Zanobetti A;Schwartz JD
由于全球气候变化，世界平均将经历更多的热浪，而且这些热浪的强度和持续时间预计也会增加。人们越来越了解高温对人类健康的影响，不同地区在炎热天气期间都会出现过高的死亡率和疾病。某些群体，包括老年人、城市贫民和患有慢性疾病的人，面临更高的风险。预防措施包括：建立热浪预警系统；提供凉爽的环境（通过空调或其他方式）；公共教育；种植树木和其他植被；修改建筑环境以提供适当的通风，并使用可减少热量积聚并优化热舒适度的材料和颜色。然而，为了激发当地的预防活动，需要将有关策略效益的易于理解的信息纳入决策工具中。将高温健康信息纳入全面的适应规划流程中，可以提醒当地决策者注意极端高温风险，并提供必要的信息来选择能够最大程度改善健康并节省成本的策略。实现这一目标的工具包括基于网络的计划，这些计划说明了将高温健康纳入地方一级综合适应规划的有效方法；计算多项活动的成本和收益；显示当地高潜在热暴露区域和弱势群体的地图；以及用于实施预防活动的公众意识材料和培训。一种新的基于计算机的决策工具将能够对与高温相关的健康影响进行本地估计，并通过实施一系列预防策略来实现潜在的节省。
Due to global climate change, the world will, on average, experience a higher number of heat waves, and the intensity and length of these heat waves is projected to increase. Knowledge about the implications of heat exposure to human health is growing, with excess mortality and illness occurring during hot weather in diverse regions. Certain groups, including the elderly, the urban poor, and those with chronic health conditions, are at higher risk. Preventive actions include: establishing heat wave warning systems; making cool environments available (through air conditioning or other means); public education; planting trees and other vegetation; and modifying the built environment to provide proper ventilation and use materials and colors that reduce heat build-up and optimize thermal comfort. However, to inspire local prevention activities, easily understood information about the strategies' benefits needs to be incorporated into decision tools. Integrating heat health information into a comprehensive adaptation planning process can alert local decision-makers to extreme heat risks and provide information necessary to choose strategies that yield the largest health improvements and cost savings. Tools to enable this include web-based programs that illustrate effective methods for including heat health in comprehensive local-level adaptation planning; calculate costs and benefits of several activities; maps showing zones of high potential heat exposure and vulnerable populations in a local area; and public awareness materials and training for implementing preventive activities. A new computer-based decision tool will enable local estimates of heat-related health effects and potential savings from implementing a range of prevention strategies.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Braga AL;Zanobetti A;Schwartz J
通讯作者：
Schwartz J
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Kovats, R. Sari;Ebi, Kristie L.
通讯作者：
Ebi, Kristie L.
影响因子：
0.9
作者：
Canouï-Poitrine, F;Cadot, E;Spira, A
通讯作者：
Spira, A
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Hajat, S;Armstrong, BG;Wilkinson, P
通讯作者：
Wilkinson, P
DOI：
10.1097/ede.0b013e318190ee08
发表时间：
2009-03
期刊：
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Anderson BG;Bell ML
通讯作者：
Bell ML