CTCF as a boundary factor for cohesin-mediated loop extrusion: evidence for a multi-step mechanism.
CTCF as a boundary factor for cohesin-mediated loop extrusion: evidence for a multi-step mechanism.
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CTCF 作为粘连蛋白介导的环挤出的边界因素:多步骤机制的证据。
DOI:
10.1080/19491034.2020.1782024
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发表时间:
2020-12
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hansen AS
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hansen AS
Mammalian genome structure is closely linked to function. At the scale of kilobases to megabases, CTCF and cohesin organize the genome into chromatin loops. Mechanistically, cohesin is proposed to extrude chromatin loops bidirectionally until it encounters occupied CTCF DNA-binding sites. Curiously, loops form predominantly between CTCF binding sites in a convergent orientation. How CTCF interacts with and blocks cohesin extrusion in an orientation-specific manner has remained a mechanistic mystery. Here, we review recent papers that have shed light on these processes and suggest a multi-step interaction between CTCF and cohesin. This interaction may first involve a pausing step, where CTCF halts cohesin extrusion, followed by a stabilization step of the CTCF-cohesin complex, resulting in a chromatin loop. Finally, we discuss our own recent studies on an internal RNA-Binding Region (RBRi) in CTCF to elucidate its role in regulating CTCF clustering, target search mechanisms and chromatin loop formation and future challenges.
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