Lung regeneration: mechanisms, applications and emerging stem cell populations.
Lung regeneration: mechanisms, applications and emerging stem cell populations.
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最近的研究表明，呼吸系统具有广泛的能力来应对损伤和再生丢失或受损的细胞。未受干扰的成人肺是显著静止的，但在损伤或损伤后，祖细胞群可以被激活或剩余的细胞可以重新进入细胞周期。包括细胞谱系追踪和转录组分析在内的技术为肺和气管如何响应损伤而再生提供了新的和令人兴奋的见解，并允许识别在肺发育和再生中重要的途径。这些研究现在为调节可能促进内源性再生以及从多能干细胞产生外源性肺细胞谱系的途径提供了信息。在这次审查中强调的新兴进展，为基本机制研究提供了新的技术和测定方法，并为人类疾病和细胞替代策略产生了新的模型系统。
Recent studies have shown that the respiratory system has an extensive ability to respond to injury and regenerate lost or damaged cells. The unperturbed adult lung is remarkably quiescent, but after insult or injury progenitor populations can be activated or remaining cells can re-enter the cell cycle. Techniques including cell-lineage tracing and transcriptome analysis have provided novel and exciting insights into how the lungs and trachea regenerate in response to injury and have allowed the identification of pathways important in lung development and regeneration. These studies are now informing approaches for modulating the pathways that may promote endogenous regeneration as well as the generation of exogenous lung cell lineages from pluripotent stem cells. The emerging advances, highlighted in this Review, are providing new techniques and assays for basic mechanistic studies as well as generating new model systems for human disease and strategies for cell replacement.
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