Scaling Computation and Memory in Living Cells.

Scaling Computation and Memory in Living Cells.
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在活细胞中缩放计算和记忆。

DOI:
10.1016/j.cobme.2017.10.003
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发表时间:
2017-12
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Lu T
Lu T
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yehl K;Lu T

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始于20世纪的半导体革命改变了社会。这场革命的关键是集成电路,几十年来,集成电路使使用硅基晶体管的计算设备实现了指数级扩展。类似地,DNA测序和合成成本的降低,沿着强大的基因电路的发展,正在促成一场“生物计算革命”。第一代基因电路在很大程度上依赖于组装各种转录调控元件,以在活细胞中执行数字和模拟计算功能。基本的设计规则和计算工具已经被推导出来,这样的电路可以被缩放,以实现复杂的计算。在过去的五年里,在扩展生物编程工具包方面取得了长足的进步,包括执行复杂细胞逻辑和记忆的基于重组酶和CRISPR的基因电路。最近的进展使越来越密集的计算和存储电路能够在活细胞中发挥作用,同时将这些电路的应用从细菌扩展到真核生物,包括人类细胞,用于广泛的用途。
The semiconductor revolution that began in the 20th century has transformed society. Key to this revolution has been the integrated circuit, which enabled exponential scaling of computing devices using silicon-based transistors over many decades. Analogously, decreasing costs in DNA sequencing and synthesis, along with the development of robust genetic circuits, are enabling a “biocomputing revolution”. First-generation gene circuits largely relied on assembling various transcriptional regulatory elements to execute digital and analog computing functions in living cells. Basic design rules and computational tools have since been derived so that such circuits can be scaled in order to implement complex computations. In the past five years, great strides have been made in expanding the biological programming toolkit to include recombinase- and CRISPR–based gene circuits that execute complex cellular logic and memory. Recent advances have enabled increasingly dense computing and memory circuits to function in living cells while expanding the application of these circuits from bacteria to eukaryotes, including human cells, for a wide range of uses.
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