Multi-Scale Organization of the Drosophila melanogaster Genome.

Multi-Scale Organization of the Drosophila melanogaster Genome.
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DOI:
10.3390/genes12060817
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发表时间:
2021-05-27
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Hanlon SL
Hanlon SL
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Peterson SC;Samuelson KB;Hanlon SL

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尽管其外观如此,间期染色质是一个高度组织的环和弯曲框架。染色体折叠成拓扑关联域(TAD),每条染色体及其同源物在细胞核内占据不同的区域。在果蝇中,基因组组织是特殊的,因为同源染色体配对同时存在于种系和体细胞组织中,这促进了同源间相互作用,例如可以影响反式基因表达的横传。在这篇综述中,我们重点关注果蝇基因组组织的已知情况,并从 TAD 到领域进行讨论。我们首先在亚染色体水平上检查 TAD 的染色体内组织,然后对在 TAD 形成和边界建立中起关键作用的已知蛋白质进行全面分析。然后,我们缩小范围来检查同源间相互作用,例如配对和平移,这些相互作用在果蝇中大量存在,但在其他模型系统中很少见。最后,我们讨论了细胞核内形成的染色体区域,从而获得了果蝇基因组多尺度组织的完整图景。
Interphase chromatin, despite its appearance, is a highly organized framework of loops and bends. Chromosomes are folded into topologically associating domains, or TADs, and each chromosome and its homolog occupy a distinct territory within the nucleus. In Drosophila, genome organization is exceptional because homologous chromosome pairing is in both germline and somatic tissues, which promote interhomolog interactions such as transvection that can affect gene expression in trans. In this review, we focus on what is known about genome organization in Drosophila and discuss it from TADs to territory. We start by examining intrachromosomal organization at the sub-chromosome level into TADs, followed by a comprehensive analysis of the known proteins that play a key role in TAD formation and boundary establishment. We then zoom out to examine interhomolog interactions such as pairing and transvection that are abundant in Drosophila but rare in other model systems. Finally, we discuss chromosome territories that form within the nucleus, resulting in a complete picture of the multi-scale organization of the Drosophila genome.
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