Beyond Old Pipes and Ailing Budgets: Systems Thinking on Twenty-First Century Water Infrastructure in Chicago.
Beyond Old Pipes and Ailing Budgets: Systems Thinking on Twenty-First Century Water Infrastructure in Chicago.
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DOI：
10.3389/fbuil.2019.00124
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发表时间：
2019-10-18
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Walker HA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erban LE;Walker HA
城市日益承受着老化的供水基础设施的负担。由于对污染物、极端天气事件、人口变化、公平性和供水服务可负担性的担忧，推迟的维护和升级变得更加复杂。这些以及二十一世纪其他不断变化的条件促使城市供水基础设施和相关系统发生了变化，并产生了广泛的影响。这项工作通过芝加哥的案例展示了分析这些复杂系统的两种互补技术。芝加哥拥有美国最古老的城市供水基础设施，为超过 500 万人提供饮用水。最近改善芝加哥供水系统的物理和财务组成部分的努力遇到了一系列社会和环境问题。在这里，芝加哥水基础设施的社会环境系统 (SES) 背景是使用严格的系统思维方法和视觉语法构建的，以区分、系统、关系和视角 (DSRP) 来绘制 SES。 DSRP 绘制了有关水如何流经城市以及资金如何流经负责饮用水输送、废水处理和雨水管理的公共事业的结构信息。使用开放数据和方法对 23 年期间（1995 年至 2017 年）的流量进行了评估。用水量和废水产生量的总体下降伴随着供水服务成本的增加，这些成本不仅支持水基础设施的运营、维护和资本改善，还支持其他市政功能。综合数据的趋势是通过 DSRP 地图的迭代细化来解释的，以包含其他组件并从不同的角度考虑 SES。研究结果表明，系统思维对于设计应对不同社会环境问题的城市供水系统升级非常重要。随着变化的发生，透明、可重复的结果跟踪方法可以支持分析对用户的不同影响。在城市规模上应用的方法可用于更好地了解芝加哥和其他城市围绕水基础设施升级的局部复杂问题。
Cities are increasingly burdened by aging water infrastructure. Deferred maintenance and upgrades are compounded by emerging concerns over contaminants, extreme weather events, demographic shifts, equity, and affordability of water services. These and other evolving twenty-first century conditions prompt changes to urban water infrastructure and related systems that have wide ranging outcomes. This work demonstrates two complementary techniques for analyzing these complex systems, through the example case of Chicago. Chicago has some of the oldest urban water infrastructure in the US and supplies drinking water to more than 5 million people. Recent efforts to improve the physical and financial components of Chicago’s water system have run into a gamut of social and environmental issues. Here, a socio-environmental systems (SES) context for Chicago’s water infrastructure is structured using a rigorous systems thinking method and visual grammar to map the SES in terms of distinctions, systems, relationships and perspectives (DSRP). DSRP maps structure information about how water flows through city and how money flows through the public utilities responsible for drinking water delivery, wastewater treatment and stormwater management. Flows are evaluated, using open data and methods, over a 23-year period (1995–2017). Overall declines in water use and wastewater production are accompanied by an increase in the costs of water services, costs that support not only water infrastructure operations, maintenance and capital improvements, but also other municipal functions. Trends in the integrated data are interpreted through iterative refinement of DSRP maps to include additional components and to consider the SES from different points of view. Findings suggest that systems thinking is important for designing urban water system upgrades that are responsive to diverse socio-environmental concerns. As changes are made, transparent, reproducible methods for tracking outcomes can support analysis of differential impacts on users. The methods applied here at the city scale may be used to better understand localized, complex issues surrounding water infrastructure upgrades in Chicago and other cities.
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影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Cabrera, Derek;Colosi, Laura;Lobdell, Claire
通讯作者：
Lobdell, Claire
DOI：
10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1997)123:4(246
发表时间：
1997-07-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Angel, JR;Huff, FA
通讯作者：
Huff, FA
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Hughes, Sara;Pincetl, Stephanie;Boone, Christopher
通讯作者：
Boone, Christopher
影响因子：
6
作者：
Dunn, G.;Brown, R. R.;Bakker, K.
通讯作者：
Bakker, K.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Gleick, PH
通讯作者：
Gleick, PH