Effect of calf-raise training on rapid force production and balance ability in elderly men.
Effect of calf-raise training on rapid force production and balance ability in elderly men.
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DOI：
10.1152/japplphysiol.00539.2016
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Akagi R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ema R;Ohki S;Takayama H;Kobayashi Y;Akagi R
在没有特殊设备或场地的情况下，以快速移动为目的的提踵训练可以提高跖屈爆发力，这归因于神经肌肉适应而不是肌腱适应。尽管训练对平衡表现的影响微不足道，但我们发现了改善的迹象（即站立期间的神经肌肉适应）。总之，老年男性的功能性神经肌肉能力可以通过家庭小腿抬高运动来增强，这可以防止随着年龄的增长而丧失活动能力。这项研究检验了家庭高速提踵训练是否会改变老年男性跖屈收缩期间的扭矩发展率 (RTD) 和平衡能力。 34 名健康老年男性（73 ± 5 岁）被随机分配到训练组或对照组（每组 n = 17）。训练组的受试者完成了 8 周（3 次/周）的基于体重的家庭双侧提腿训练。干预前后，测量跖屈收缩期间的 RTD 和单腿站立期间的压力中心 (COP) 位移。测量力量和单腿站立时小腿三头肌和胫骨前肌的表面肌电振幅。基于临床幅度的推论被用来解释训练效果，假设最小的有价值效果为基线 SD 的 0.2。相对于对照组，峰值 RTD 增加了 21%（90% 置信限，±19%），同时伴随着腓肠肌内侧肌 (MG) 和比目鱼肌 (SOL) 激活的相应变化。对 COP 位移的影响可能微不足道（0%，±13%），而观察到站立期间 MG（−19%，±15%）和 SOL（−25%，±13%）激活的大幅减少。我们的研究结果表明，在没有特殊设备或场地的情况下在家中进行的小腿抬高训练可以显着提高跖屈肌的快速发力能力和小腿三头肌的激活能力。尽管训练对站立平衡表现的影响并不显着，但观察到的站立期间小腿三头肌激活的变化预计将有助于未来平衡表现的改善。新颖且值得注意的提踵训练旨在快速移动，无需特殊设备或场地，可改善跖屈爆发力，这归因于神经肌肉适应而不是肌腱适应。尽管训练对平衡表现的影响微不足道，但我们发现了改善的迹象（即站立期间的神经肌肉适应）。总之，老年男性的功能性神经肌肉能力可以通过家庭小腿抬高运动来增强，这可以防止随着年龄的增长而丧失活动能力。
Calf-raise training with the intent to move rapidly, without special equipment or venue, induces an improvement of explosive plantar flexion force, which is attributable to neuromuscular rather than musculotendinous adaptations. Although the training effect on balance performance was trivial, we found a sign of improvement (i.e., neuromuscular adaptations during standing). In conclusion, functional neuromuscular capacity can be enhanced by home-based calf-raise exercise in elderly men, which may protect against mobility loss with aging. This study examined whether home-based, high-speed calf-raise training changes the rate of torque development (RTD) during plantar flexion contractions and balance performance in elderly men. Thirty-four healthy elderly men (73 ± 5 yr) were randomly assigned to a training or control group (n = 17 in each group). The subjects in the training group completed 8 wk (3 times/wk) of home-based bilateral calf-raise training using body mass. Before and after the intervention, RTD during plantar flexion contractions and center-of-pressure (COP) displacement during single-leg standing were measured. Surface electromyographic amplitude of the triceps surae and tibialis anterior during the strength and single-leg standing was measured. Clinical magnitude-based inferences were used to interpret the training effect, with the smallest worthwhile effect assumed to be 0.2 of the baseline SD. The peak RTD increased 21% (90% confidence limits, ±19%) relative to the control group, which was accompanied by corresponding changes of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) activations. The effect on COP displacement was possibly trivial (0%, ±13%), whereas substantial reduction in the MG (−19%, ±15%) and SOL (−25%, ±13%) activations during standing was observed. Our findings indicate that calf-raise training at home, performed without special equipment or venue, induces a substantial increase in the plantar flexors’ rapid force-generating capability and triceps surae activations. Although the training effect on standing balance performance was not substantial, observed changes in the triceps surae activations during standing are expected to contribute to future balance performance improvement. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Calf-raise training with the intent to move rapidly, without special equipment or venue, induces an improvement of explosive plantar flexion force, which is attributable to neuromuscular rather than musculotendinous adaptations. Although the training effect on balance performance was trivial, we found a sign of improvement (i.e., neuromuscular adaptations during standing). In conclusion, functional neuromuscular capacity can be enhanced by home-based calf-raise exercise in elderly men, which may protect against mobility loss with aging.
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