Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder among employees of New York City companies affected by the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center.
Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder among employees of New York City companies affected by the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center.
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DOI：
10.1001/dmp.2011.50
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Pfefferbaum, Betty
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
North, Carol S.;Pollio, David E.;Smith, Rebecca P.;King, Richard V.;Pandya, Anand;Suris, Alina M.;Hong, Barry A.;Dean, Denis J.;Wallace, Nancy E.;Herman, Daniel B.;Conover, Sarah;Susser, Ezra;Pfefferbaum, Betty
几项研究提供了与2001年9月11日（9/11）袭击有关的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）在广泛受影响人群中的患病率估计，尽管没有充分解决评估PTSD和估计其患病率所需的合格暴露。假设整个纽约市地区的人们都暴露在世界贸易中心（WTC）塔楼的袭击中，因此有发展PTSD的风险，这对患病率估计和服务提供都有重要影响。然而，这个前提并没有被DSM-IV-TR的PTSD标准所验证。本研究探讨了与9/11袭击世贸中心的地理距离和报告的9/11创伤暴露之间的关联，以及特定创伤暴露在PTSD发展中的作用。在袭击发生约3年后，从8个受影响组织招募的379名幸存员工（102名直接暴露，包括65名塔楼人员，277名不同暴露）使用诊断访谈时间表/灾难补充进行了访谈，并在6年后重新评估。在袭击和特定的灾难暴露期间，估计距离世贸中心塔楼最近的地理距离与诊断和统计手册第四版文本修订版定义的9/11相关PTSD的发展进行了比较。直接暴露区主要集中在0.1英里的半径内，并完全包含在0.75英里的塔。在灾难发生后的任何时候，35%的人直接暴露在危险中，20%的人只通过目击经历暴露，35%的人只通过亲密关系的直接暴露。在这些接触组之外，在少数有症状的人中，几乎没有可能的接触源是明显的，其中大多数人先前就有精神疾病。在进行临床评估、估计人口PTSD负担的程度以及预测对特定心理健康干预的需求时，在大型恐怖袭击后广泛受影响的人群中，暴露值得仔细考虑。
Several studies have provided prevalence estimates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks in broadly affected populations, although without sufficiently addressing qualifying exposures required for assessing PTSD and estimating its prevalence. A premise that people throughout the New York City area were exposed to the attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) towers and are thus at risk for developing PTSD has important implications for both prevalence estimates and service provision. This premise has not, however, been tested with respect to DSM-IV-TR criteria for PTSD. This study examined associations between geographic distance from the 9/11 attacks on the WTC and reported 9/11 trauma exposures, and the role of specific trauma exposures in the development of PTSD. Approximately 3 years after the attacks, 379 surviving employees (102 with direct exposures, including 65 in the towers, and 277 with varied exposures) recruited from 8 affected organizations were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule/Disaster Supplement and reassessed at 6 years. The estimated closest geographic distance from the WTC towers during the attacks and specific disaster exposures were compared with the development of 9/11–related PTSD as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. The direct exposure zone was largely concentrated within a radius of 0.1 mi and completely contained within 0.75 mi of the towers. PTSD symptom criteria at any time after the disaster were met by 35% of people directly exposed to danger, 20% of those exposed only through witnessed experiences, and 35% of those exposed only through a close associate’s direct exposure. Outside these exposure groups, few possible sources of exposure were evident among the few who were symptomatic, most of whom had preexisting psychiatric illness. Exposures deserve careful consideration among widely affected populations after large terrorist attacks when conducting clinical assessments, estimating the magnitude of population PTSD burdens, and projecting needs for specific mental health interventions.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
KESSLER, RC;SONNEGA, A;NELSON, CB
通讯作者：
NELSON, CB
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
DiGrande, Laura;Perrin, Megan A.;Brackbill, Robert M.
通讯作者：
Brackbill, Robert M.
DOI：
10.1093/jurban/79.3.340
发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Galea, S;Resnick, H;Vlahov, D
通讯作者：
Vlahov, D
影响因子：
5
作者：
Galea, S;Vlahov, D;Kilpatrick, D
通讯作者：
Kilpatrick, D
影响因子：
5
作者：
DiGrande, Laura;Neria, Yuval;Galea, Sandro
通讯作者：
Galea, Sandro