Waterfalls drive parallel evolution in a freshwater goby.
Waterfalls drive parallel evolution in a freshwater goby.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.295
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发表时间：
2012-08
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Nakajima, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kano, Yuichi;Nishida, Shin;Nakajima, Jun
关键词：
瀑布可能会影响鱼类分布和遗传结构内排水网络，甚至到领先的进化事件的程度。本文以瀑布型虾虎鱼和内陆型淡水虾虎鱼Rhinogobius sp. YB（YB）为研究对象，探讨了它们的平行进化。brunneus（BR）.在西表岛的11条河流中的30个地点进行了鱼类区系调查，日本西表岛的地理特征是有许多瀑布的梯田/高地。我们发现所有的YB个体仅分布在瀑布上方（高度6.8-58.7 m），而BR和其他鱼类大多分布在瀑布下方。线粒体DNA分析表明，瀑布上方的每个YB当地种群都是从BR独立进化而来的。与此相反，9个形态特征，如鳍色和身体图案的聚类分析表明，YB个体的形态举行了遗传分歧以外的相似性，这表明平行进化发生了与他们的形态。YB各地方种群与BR的遗传距离与瀑布高度显著相关（r2 = 0.94），表明瀑布高度是由于不断的地质侵蚀作用而增高的，其高度代表了YB地方种群与BR的隔离期（约1000 m）。11，000 - 88，000年）。BR的每一个当地人口曾经被瀑布形成的上游所包围，因此在每个地点进化为YB。虽然YB的形态在地方居群中具有高度的相似性，但更精细的尺度分析表明，YB的形态与BR的遗传距离显著相关。因此，有可能是同时多个阶段的异域/平行演变的虾虎鱼由于瀑布高度的变化在这个小岛上。
Waterfalls may affect fish distribution and genetic structure within drainage networks even to the extent of leading evolutionary events. Here, parallel evolution was studied by focusing on waterfall and the landlocked freshwater goby Rhinogobius sp. YB (YB), which evolved from amphidromous R. brunneus (BR). The fish fauna was surveyed at 30 sites in 11 rivers on Iriomote Island, Japan, the geography of which was characterized by terraces/tablelands with many waterfalls. We found that all YB individuals were distributed only above waterfalls (height 6.8–58.7 m), whereas BR, and other fishes, were mostly distributed below waterfalls. Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that every YB local population above the waterfall was independently evolved from BR. In contrast, cluster analysis of nine morphological characters, such as fin color and body pattern, showed that the morphology of YB individuals held a similarity beyond the genetic divergence, suggesting parallel evolution has occurred relating to their morphology. Genetic distance between each YB local population and BR was significantly correlated with waterfall height (r2 = 0.94), suggesting that the waterfalls have been heightened due to the constant geological erosion and that their height represents the isolation period of YB local populations from BR (ca. 11,000–88,000 years). Each local population of BR was once landlocked in upstream by waterfall formation, consequently evolving to YB in each site. Although the morphology of YB had a high degree of similarity among local populations, finer scale analysis showed that the morphology of YB was significantly correlated with the genetic distance from BR. Consequently, there could be simultaneous multiple phases of allopatric/parallel evolution of the goby due to variations in waterfall height on this small island.
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