Loss, Loneliness, and the Question of Subjectivity in Old Age

Loss, Loneliness, and the Question of Subjectivity in Old Age
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老年时的失落、孤独和主体性问题

DOI:
10.1007/s11245-023-09915-4
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Topoi
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hughes E
Hughes E
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hughes E

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当亲人去世时,丧亲之痛是很常见的,他们会感到深深的孤独,与世界脱节,感觉他们不再属于这个世界。在哲学中,这种“失落和孤独”的体验被解释为失去了可能性和失去了过去。但是,这些解释如何适用于老年时失落和孤独的独特表现方式,目前还不清楚。借鉴德·波伏瓦和阿梅里对老年的现象学分析,我认为投射和回忆能力的减少如何使最近对丧失和孤独的解释复杂化,同时加强了老年主体性必然贫困的结论。发展的批判立场,德波伏娃和阿梅里的基本概念的主体性,我转向列维纳斯在考虑是否有一种方法来重新想象的主体性,使老年人的疏远和异化可能会改善,而不是加剧。立足于被动的自在之身,而不是身体为自己的自我超越能力,我建议有可能重新概念化老年的损失和孤独的经验;无论是从失去什么和需要恢复什么方面,如果老年人要在世界上找到自己的家,确实是因为,多方面的损失。
When a loved one dies, it is common for the bereaved to feel profoundly lonely, disconnected from the world with the sense that they no longer belong. In philosophy, this experience of ‘loss and loneliness’ has been interpreted according to both a loss of possibilities and a loss of the past. But it is unclear how these interpretations apply to the distinctive way in which loss and loneliness manifest in old age. Drawing on the phenomenological analyses of old age given by de Beauvoir and Améry, I consider how the diminishment of the capacity for projection and recollection complicate recent interpretations of loss and loneliness, whilst nevertheless reinforcing the conclusion that in old age subjectivity is necessarily impoverished. Developing a critical stance on de Beauvoir and Améry’s underlying conception of subjectivity, I turn to Levinas in considering whether or not there is a way to reimagine subjectivity such that the estrangement and alienation of older adults might be ameliorated rather than exacerbated. Grounded in the passive body-in-itself rather than the self-transcending capacity of the body-for-itself, I suggest it becomes possible to reconceptualise the experience of loss and loneliness in old age; both in terms of what is lost and what needs to be restored if older adults are to be helped to find themselves at home in the world in the midst of, and indeed because of, manifold loss.
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