Model-guided search for optimal natural-science-category training exemplars: A work in progress

Model-guided search for optimal natural-science-category training exemplars: A work in progress
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模型引导搜索最佳自然科学类别训练范例:正在进行的工作

DOI:
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
M. McDaniel
M. McDaniel
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
R. Nosofsky;Craig Sanders;Xiaojin Zhu;M. McDaniel

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在分类的正式范例模型的指导下,我们在四种条件下对自然科学分类学习进行了比较,在这四种条件下,训练示例的性质被操纵。调查的特定领域是地质科学中的岩石分类;目标是使用该模型来搜索用于教授岩石类别的最佳训练示例。从积极的一面来看,该模型做出了一些成功的预测:最值得注意的是,与涉及对小训练示例集进行集中训练的条件相比,在学习者经历了来自每个类别的大量训练示例的条件下,对新迁移项的泛化显着增强。然而,也观察到了与模型预测的系统偏离。进一步的分析导致我们的假设,即高维特征空间表示来自岩石刺激(样本模型参考)系统低估类内相似性。我们认为,这种限制可能会出现在许多情况下,调查人员试图建立详细的特征空间表示的自然主义类别。针对这一限制进行调整的模型的低参数扩展版本在四种条件下提供了显着改善的性能。我们概述了未来的步骤,以提高目前的特征空间表示,并继续我们的目标,使用正式的心理模型来指导教学科学类别的有效方法的搜索。
Under the guidance of a formal exemplar model of categorization, we conduct comparisons of natural-science classification learning across four conditions in which the nature of the training examples is manipulated. The specific domain of inquiry is rock classification in the geologic sciences; the goal is to use the model to search for optimal training examples for teaching the rock categories. On the positive side, the model makes a number of successful predictions: Most notably, compared with conditions involving focused training on small sets of training examples, generalization to novel transfer items is significantly enhanced in a condition in which learners experience a broad swath of training examples from each category. Nevertheless, systematic departures from the model predictions are also observed. Further analyses lead us to the hypothesis that the high-dimensional feature-space representation derived for the rock stimuli (to which the exemplar model makes reference) systematically underestimates within-category similarities. We suggest that this limitation is likely to arise in numerous situations in which investigators attempt to build detailed feature-space representations for naturalistic categories. A low-parameter extended version of the model that adjusts for this limitation provides dramatically improved accounts of performance across the four conditions. We outline future steps for enhancing the current feature-space representation and continuing our goal of using formal psychological models to guide the search for effective methods of teaching science categories.
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