Modern methods for laboratory diversification of biomolecules.

Modern methods for laboratory diversification of biomolecules.
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实验室多样化生物分子的现代方法。

DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.10.010
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发表时间:
2017-12
影响因子:
7.8
通讯作者:
Badran AH
Badran AH
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bratulic S;Badran AH

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遗传变异推动了达尔文进化论,但自发突变率保持在低水平,以确保细胞的生存能力。低突变率阻碍了对蛋白质进化和基因组工程应用的序列空间的详尽探索,促使科学家开发有效和有针对性的核酸序列多样化的方法。生物分子的定向进化依赖于无偏遗传多样性的产生,以发现具有所需特性的变体,而基因组工程应用则需要在基因组规模上进行选择性修饰,使脱靶最小化。在这里,我们回顾了目前的工具包诱变策略在定向进化和基因组工程。这些最先进的方法可以对单个基因、多组分途径和整个基因组进行简单的修饰和改进,用于基础和应用研究,同时为基因组编辑治疗干预铺平道路。
Genetic variation fuels Darwinian evolution, yet spontaneous mutation rates are maintained at low levels to ensure cellular viability. Low mutation rates preclude the exhaustive exploration of sequence space for protein evolution and genome engineering applications, prompting scientists to develop methods for efficient and targeted diversification of nucleic acid sequences. Directed evolution of biomolecules relies upon the generation of unbiased genetic diversity to discover variants with desirable properties, whereas genome-engineering applications require selective modifications on a genomic scale with minimal off-targets. Here, we review the current toolkit of mutagenesis strategies employed in directed evolution and genome engineering. These state-of-the-art methods enable facile modifications and improvements of single genes, multicomponent pathways, and whole genomes for basic and applied research, while simultaneously paving the way for genome editing therapeutic interventions.
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