Variation in alarm calls during different breeding stages of the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus).
Variation in alarm calls during different breeding stages of the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus).
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红隼（Falcotinnunculus）不同繁殖阶段警报叫声的变化
DOI：
10.1242/bio.056648
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发表时间：
2021-01-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Wu H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huo X;Zhou L;Feng J;Wu H
声信号在动物交流中起着重要作用。动物通常使用警报信号来警告配偶或后代威胁的存在或恐吓或分散捕食者。鸟类通常使用声音信号作为通信手段。雀形目鸟类在不同繁殖阶段的报警叫声可以反映其对巢的防御强度。然而，很少有人知道的特点，可塑性，报警呼叫的影响因素在繁殖期的猛禽。在这里，从2019年3月至7月，在中国吉林省左家自然保护区，使用带有强定向麦克风的便携式记录仪记录了8对红隼（Falco tinnunculus）在繁殖期间的警报呼叫。分析了不同繁殖阶段亲本报警叫声声学参数的差异。结果表明，红隼的报警叫声由多个谐波组成的拱形调频，最大能量分布在二次谐波上。随着繁殖季节的进行，警报呼叫的持续时间和频率显着增加，表明父母花在巢防御上的时间越来越多。此外，在普通红隼报警呼叫的声学参数显着不同，取决于后代的数量，表明后代的数量影响父母的巢防御。这些结果表明，在不同的繁殖阶段报警呼叫的差异可能反映了防御成本和繁殖效益之间的权衡。总结：我们的研究结果清楚地表明，在普通红隼的繁殖周期的进展，父母报警电话变化，并进一步表明后代的数量影响父母巢防御。
ABSTRACT Acoustic signals play a key role in animal communication. Animals usually use alarm signals to warn mates or offspring of the presence of threats or to intimidate or distract predators. Birds commonly use acoustic signals as a means of communication. Alarm calls in passerines at different breeding stages can reflect their nest defense intensity. However, little is known about the characteristics, plasticity, and impact factors of alarm calls during the reproductive period in raptors. Here, from March to July in 2019, the alarm calls of eight pairs of common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) during the breeding period were recorded using a portable recorder with a strongly directed microphone in the Zuojia Nature Reserve, Jilin province, China. The differences in acoustic parameters of parental alarm calls in different breeding stages were analyzed. The results showed that the alarm calls of common kestrels were composed of multi-harmonic arched frequency modulation with the maximum energy distribution in the second harmonic. The duration and rate of the alarm calls increased significantly as the breeding season progressed, showing that parents spent increasing amounts of time on nest defense. Additionally, the acoustic parameters of alarm calls in common kestrels were significantly different depending on offspring numbers, suggesting that offspring numbers influenced parental nest defense. These results showed that differences in alarm calls during different breeding stages may reflect a trade-off between defense costs and reproductive benefits. Summary: Our results clearly showed parental alarm calls varied as the breeding cycle progressed in the common kestrel, and further suggested offspring numbers influenced parental nest defense.
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