Mucosal immunotherapy for protection from pneumonic infection with Francisella tularensis.

Mucosal immunotherapy for protection from pneumonic infection with Francisella tularensis.
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粘膜免疫疗法可防止土拉弗朗西斯菌肺炎感染。

DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.041
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Dow,StevenW
Dow,StevenW
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Troyer,RyanM;Propst,KatieL;Fairman,Jeff;Bosio,CatherineM;Dow,StevenW

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先前的研究表明,全身免疫疗法可以保护小鼠免受细菌病原体土拉弗朗西斯菌的全身攻击。然而,为了防止这种细菌的吸入攻击,我们想知道粘膜免疫疗法是否可能更有效。因此,我们通过鼻内注射阳离子脂质体-DNA 复合物 (CLDC),这是先天免疫的有效激活剂,并评估了土拉弗拉菌致命性吸入攻击的保护效果。我们发现通过 i.n. 进行预处理。在细菌攻击前 24 小时给予 CLDC,几乎可以完全保护 BALB/c 小鼠免受土拉弗朗西斯 LVS 菌株的致命攻击。我们还观察到,粘膜 CLDC 免疫疗法使接受高毒力土拉弗朗西斯 Schu4 菌株攻击的小鼠的存活时间具有统计学上显着的延长。保护作用与肺、肝和脾中细菌负荷的显着减少有关。通过实时定量 PCR 检测发现,粘膜施用 CLDC 显着增加了肺部 IL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IFN-β 和 IFN-α 基因的表达。用 CLDC 引发的细胞因子体外处理土拉弗朗西斯感染的巨噬细胞,也显着抑制受感染巨噬细胞中土拉弗朗西斯的细胞内复制。在体内,在施用 CLDC 之前消耗 NK 细胞完全消除了 CLDC 免疫疗法的保护作用。 CLDC 引起的保护还依赖于体内 IFN-γ 产生的诱导。因此,我们得出的结论是,局部肺部先天免疫反应的激活能够引起显着的保护,防止吸入有毒细菌病原体。
Previous studies have demonstrated that systemically administered immunotherapy can protect mice from systemic challenge with the bacterial pathogen Francisella tularensis. However, for protection from inhalational challenge with this bacterium, we wondered if mucosally administered immunotherapy might be more effective. Therefore, we administered cationic liposome–DNA complexes (CLDC), which are potent activators of innate immunity, intranasally (i.n.) and assessed the effectiveness of protection from lethal inhalational challenge with F. tularensis. We found that pretreatment by i.n. administration of CLDC 24h prior to bacterial challenge elicited nearly complete protection of BALB/c mice from lethal challenge with F. tularensis LVS strain. We also observed that mucosal CLDC immunotherapy provided a statistically significant increase in survival time in mice challenged with the highly virulent F. tularensis Schu4 strain. Protection was associated with a significant reduction in bacterial burden in the lungs, liver, and spleen. Mucosal administration of CLDC elicited significantly increased expression of IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IFN-β and IFN-α genes in the lung as detected by real-time quantitative PCR. In vitro treatment of F. tularensis infected macrophages with CLDC-elicited cytokines also significantly suppressed intracellular replication of F. tularensis in infected macrophages. In vivo, depletion of NK cells prior to administration of CLDC completely abolished the protective effects of CLDC immunotherapy. CLDC-elicited protection was also dependent on induction of IFN-γ production in vivo. We conclude therefore that activation of local pulmonary innate immune responses is capable of eliciting significant protection from inhalational exposure to a virulent bacterial pathogen.
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