Electronic cigarettes: overview of chemical composition and exposure estimation.
Electronic cigarettes: overview of chemical composition and exposure estimation.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12971-014-0023-6
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lachenmeier DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hahn J;Monakhova YB;Hengen J;Kohl-Himmelseher M;Schüssler J;Hahn H;Kuballa T;Lachenmeier DW
电子烟（电子烟）被宣传为烟草使用者减少香烟消费和减少与传统烟草吸烟相关的毒性暴露的工具。人们对这些产品中所含的化合物、其暴露和长期健康影响知之甚少。NMR光谱用于确定电子烟液体中几种成分的含量，包括尼古丁，溶剂和一些生物活性风味化合物。风险评估基于概率暴露估计和使用暴露裕度（莫伊）方法与毒理学阈值的比较。在54个电子烟液体样品中，平均尼古丁含量为11 mg/ml。23个样本中只有18个被确认为不含尼古丁的样本，其中一个电子烟在标签上声明时没有检测到液体尼古丁。电子烟液体的主要化合物包括甘油（平均37 g/100 g）、丙二醇（平均57 g/100 g）和乙二醇（平均10 g/100 g）。此外，在一些样品中还检测到1，3-丙二醇、侧柏酮和乙基香草醛。每日使用者的平均暴露量估计为尼古丁0.38毫克/千克体重/天，甘油8.9毫克/千克体重/天，1，2-丙二醇14.5毫克/千克体重/天，乙二醇2.1毫克/千克体重/天，其他化合物低于0.2毫克/千克体重/天。尼古丁的莫伊低于0.1，但除乙二醇和1，2-丙二醇外，所有其他化合物的莫伊值均未低于100。NMR光谱是一种有用且快速的方法，可以同时检测电子烟液体中的多种成分。在所有测试的化合物中，只有尼古丁可能达到属于莫伊<1的高风险类别的暴露。因此，电子烟液体产品应受到监管控制，以确保尼古丁输送一致。应使用具有更有利毒理学特性的溶剂，而不是乙二醇和1，2-丙二醇，后者可能属于莫伊< 100的风险类别。
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are advertised to tobacco users as a tool to decrease cigarette consumption and to reduce toxic exposure associated with conventional tobacco smoking. Little is known about the compounds contained in such products, their exposure and long-term health effects. NMR spectroscopy was used to ascertain the content of several constituents of e-cigarette liquids including nicotine, solvents and some bioactive flavour compounds. Risk assessment was based on probabilistic exposure estimation and comparison with toxicological thresholds using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach. In 54 samples of e-cigarette liquids, the average nicotine content was 11 mg/ml. Only 18 from 23 samples were confirmed as nicotine-free samples and in one e-cigarette liquid nicotine was not detected while being declared on the labelling. Major compounds of e-cigarette liquids include glycerol (average 37 g/100 g), propylene glycol (average 57 g/100 g) and ethylene glycol (average 10 g/100 g). Furthermore, 1,3-propanediol, thujone and ethyl vanillin were detected in some samples. The average exposure for daily users was estimated as 0.38 mg/kg bw/day for nicotine, 8.9 mg/kg bw/day for glycerol, 14.5 mg/kg bw/day for 1,2-propanediol, 2.1 mg/kg bw/day for ethylene glycol, and below 0.2 mg/kg bw/day for the other compounds. The MOE was below 0.1 for nicotine, but all other compounds did not reach MOE values below 100 except ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol. NMR spectroscopy is a useful and rapid method to simultaneously detect several ingredients in e-cigarette liquids. From all compounds tested, only nicotine may reach exposures that fall into a high risk category with MOE <1. Therefore, e-cigarette liquid products should be subjected to regulatory control to ensure consistent nicotine delivery. Solvents with more favourable toxicological profiles should be used instead of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol, which may fall into a risk category with MOE < 100.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Ginzkey, Christian;Steussloff, Gudrun;Kleinsasser, Norbert H.
通讯作者：
Kleinsasser, Norbert H.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Ginzkey, Christian;Steussloff, Gudrun;Kleinsasser, Norbert H.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
6
作者：
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McRobbie, Hayden
DOI：
10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02751.x
发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Foulds, J.;Veldheer, S.;Berg, A.
通讯作者：
Berg, A.
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Goniewicz, Maciej L.;Kuma, Tomasz;Kosmider, Leon
通讯作者：
Kosmider, Leon