Unequal Retreats: How Racial Segregation Shapes Climate Adaptation

Unequal Retreats: How Racial Segregation Shapes Climate Adaptation
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不平等的撤退:种族隔离如何影响气候适应

DOI:
10.1080/10511482.2021.1931928
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Elliott, James R.
Elliott, James R.
中科院分区:
经济学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Loughran, Kevin;Elliott, James R.

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最近关于气候适应的研究指出,需要认真对待洪水控制,将其作为一个国家主导的过程,组织和应对城市的种族和环境空间。本研究通过关注联邦政府资助的从洪水易发城市社区撤退的房屋和居民来推进这一议程。虽然官方组织的理性工程和技术官僚的计算,它的实施无法逃脱美国城市的种族化景观。为了说明这一点,我们回顾了一个世纪不平等的环境规划和住房政策是如何形成今天种族化的城市景观的。然后,我们转向联邦政府进入这些景观通过其管理撤退的政策,购买洪水易发房屋,并返回他们的自然。在这里,我们利用全国性的数据来揭示该政策越来越倾向于城市。然后,我们提出的证据,从休斯顿揭示当地社区的种族构成和营业额如何影响计划的实施和随后的搬迁。虽然不是每个城市都可能经历与休斯顿相同的种族化模式,但由于种族长期以来在美国城市中发挥的强大社会和环境力量,它们将表现出一些模式。如果不对这种力量作出解释,将损害有效适应气候变化的努力。
Recent research on climate adaptation points to the need to take flood control seriously as a state-led process that organizes and responds to the racial and environmental spaces of cities. The present study advances that agenda by focusing on the federally funded retreat of homes and residents from flood-prone urban neighborhoods. While officially organized by rational engineering and technocratic calculations, its implementation cannot escape the racialized landscapes of U.S. cities. To illustrate, we review how a century of unequal environmental planning and housing policy has forged today’s racialized urban landscapes. Then, we turn to the federal government’s entrance into those landscapes via its policy of managed retreat that purchases flood-prone homes and returns them to nature. Here we draw on nationwide data to reveal the policy’s increasing urban orientation. We then present evidence from Houston to reveal how the racial composition and turnover of local neighborhoods influence program implementation and subsequent relocation. While not every city may experience the same racialized patterns as Houston, they will exhibit some patterns due to the powerful social and environmental force that race has long exerted in U.S. cities. Failing to account for that force will compromise efforts to adapt effectively to climate change.
住宅买断作为环境流动性:研究房主搬迁到哪里以阐明气候适应方面的社会不平等
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