Critical windows of fluoride neurotoxicity in Canadian children.
Critical windows of fluoride neurotoxicity in Canadian children.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2021.111315
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Flora, David B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farmus, Linda;Till, Christine;Green, Rivka;Hornung, Richard;Mier, E. Angeles Martinez;Ayotte, Pierre;Muckle, Gina;Lanphear, Bruce P.;Flora, David B.
关键词：
氟化物与早期大脑发育期间的智商缺陷有关，但儿童最敏感的时期尚不清楚。我们评估了氟对出生前和出生后暴露窗口的智商分数的影响。我们使用了环境化学品母婴研究中的596对母婴重复暴露的妊娠和出生队列。从怀孕期间的妇女及其1.9至4.4岁的子女中收集尿液（mg/L），测量氟化物;尿氟根据比重进行调整。我们估计婴儿氟暴露量（毫克/天）使用水氟浓度和持续时间的配方奶粉喂养在生命的第一年。在3-4岁时使用韦氏学前和小学智力量表III评估智力。我们使用广义估计方程来检验氟化物暴露与智商之间的关联，并对协变量进行了调整。我们报告的结果基于标准化的风险，考虑到其不同的测量单位。氟化物和操作智商（PIQ）之间的关联显着不同的产前，婴儿期和儿童期暴露窗口崩溃儿童性别（p = 0.001）。氟化物与PIQ之间的最强关联出现在产前窗口期，B = −2.36，95% CI：−3.63，−1.08;该关联在婴儿期也很显著，B = −2.11，95% CI：−3.45，−0.76，但在儿童期较弱，B = −1.51，95% CI：−2.90，−0.12。在性别内，氟化物和PIQ之间的关联在三个暴露窗口中存在显著差异（男孩：p = 0.01;女孩：p = 0.01）;在男孩中，最强的关联发生在产前窗口期，B = −3.01，95% CI：−4.60，−1.42，而在女孩中，最强的关联发生在婴儿期，B = −2.71，95% CI：-4.59-0.83对于每个窗口，全量表IQ估计值均弱于PIQ估计值。在任何暴露窗口中，氟化物与言语智商均无显著相关性。氟化物暴露与PIQ之间的关联因暴露时间不同而不同。产前窗口对男孩来说可能是关键，而婴儿期可能是女孩的关键窗口。
Fluoride has been associated with IQ deficits during early brain development, but the period in which children are most sensitive is unknown. We assessed effects of fluoride on IQ scores across prenatal and postnatal exposure windows. We used repeated exposures from 596 mother-child pairs in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals pregnancy and birth cohort. Fluoride was measured in urine (mg/L) collected from women during pregnancy and in their children between 1.9 and 4.4 years; urinary fluoride was adjusted for specific gravity. We estimated infant fluoride exposure (mg/day) using water fluoride concentration and duration of formula-feeding over the first year of life. Intelligence was assessed at 3–4 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III. We used generalized estimating equations to examine the associations between fluoride exposures and IQ, adjusting for covariates. We report results based on standardized exposures given their varying units of measurement. The association between fluoride and performance IQ (PIQ) significantly differed across prenatal, infancy, and childhood exposure windows collapsing across child sex (p = .001). The strongest association between fluoride and PIQ was during the prenatal window, B = −2.36, 95% CI: −3.63, −1.08; the association was also significant during infancy, B = −2.11, 95% CI: −3.45, −0.76, but weaker in childhood, B = −1.51, 95% CI: −2.90, −0.12. Within sex, the association between fluoride and PIQ significantly differed across the three exposure windows (boys: p = .01; girls: p = .01); among boys, the strongest association was during the prenatal window, B = −3.01, 95% CI: −4.60, −1.42, whereas among girls, the strongest association was during infancy, B = −2.71, 95% CI: −4.59, −0.83. Full-scale IQ estimates were weaker than PIQ estimates for every window. Fluoride was not significantly associated with Verbal IQ across any exposure window. Associations between fluoride exposure and PIQ differed based on timing of exposure. The prenatal window may be critical for boys, whereas infancy may be a critical window for girls.
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影响因子：
7.9
作者：
Buckley, Jessie P.;Hamra, Ghassan B.;Braun, Joseph M.
通讯作者：
Braun, Joseph M.
DOI：
10.1037/cbs0000075
发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Cribbie, Robert A.
通讯作者：
Cribbie, Robert A.
影响因子：
7.9
作者：
Comfort N;Re DB
通讯作者：
Re DB
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Bai, Rongpan;Huang, Yun;Guo, Jing
通讯作者：
Guo, Jing