Inheritance of social dominance is associated with global sperm DNA methylation in inbred male mice.
Inheritance of social dominance is associated with global sperm DNA methylation in inbred male mice.
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近交系雄性小鼠的社会统治地位的遗传与整体精子 DNA 甲基化有关
作者：
雄性之间的优势关系及其相关性状通常是可遗传的，并对动物的性选择产生影响。特别是，社会优势及其相关的雄性信息素在近交系小鼠中是可遗传的;因此，我们想知道由于DNA甲基化水平改变而引起的表观遗传变化是否决定了遗传。在这里，我们使用C57 BL/6雄性小鼠建立一个社会的优势，从属关系，通过慢性二进制的遭遇，这种关系和信息素共变发生在他们的后代，遗传性的指示。通过转录组测序和全基因组DNA甲基化分析，我们发现许多基因的差异甲基化是由社会优势-从属关系诱导的，并可以传递给后代。这些甲基化基因主要与生长发育过程、神经发育和细胞运输有关。在全基因组甲基化/亚硫酸氢盐测序中具有相似功能的基因的表达也通过社会优势-从属来区分，如RNA-seq所揭示的。特别是，基因Dennd 1a，调节神经信号，差异甲基化和表达的精子和内侧前额叶皮层在配对男性之前和之后的优势从属地位的建立，这表明潜在的表观遗传控制和遗传的社会优势相关的侵略。我们认为，社会优势可能会通过精子DNA甲基化传递给男性后代，这种差异可能会通过影响神经系统的发育来影响后代中的男性竞争。
Dominance relationships between males and their associated traits are usually heritable and have implications for sexual selection in animals. In particular, social dominance and its related male pheromones are heritable in inbred mice; thus, we wondered whether epigenetic changes due to altered levels of DNA methylation determine inheritance. Here, we used C57BL/6 male mice to establish a social dominance–subordination relationship through chronic dyadic encounters, and this relationship and pheromone covariation occurred in their offspring, indicative of heritability. Through transcriptome sequencing and whole-genome DNA methylation profiling of the sperm of both generations, we found that differential methylation of many genes was induced by social dominance–subordination in sires and could be passed on to the offspring. These methylated genes were mainly related to growth and development processes, neurodevelopment, and cellular transportation. The expression of the genes with similar functions in whole-genome methylation/bisulfite sequencing was also differentiated by social dominance–subordination, as revealed by RNA-seq. In particular, the gene Dennd1a, which regulates neural signaling, was differentially methylated and expressed in the sperm and medial prefrontal cortex in paired males before and after dominance–subordination establishment, suggesting the potential epigenetic control and inheritance of social dominance-related aggression. We suggest that social dominance might be passed on to male offspring through sperm DNA methylation and that the differences could potentially affect male competition in offspring by affecting the development of the nervous system.
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