Sex determination: why so many ways of doing it?

Sex determination: why so many ways of doing it?
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899
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发表时间:
2014-07
期刊:
影响因子:
9.8
通讯作者:
Tree of Sex Consortium
Tree of Sex Consortium
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bachtrog D;Mank JE;Peichel CL;Kirkpatrick M;Otto SP;Ashman TL;Hahn MW;Kitano J;Mayrose I;Ming R;Perrin N;Ross L;Valenzuela N;Vamosi JC;Tree of Sex Consortium

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性别在大多数真核生物中是普遍存在的,然而性别决定机制却存在着显著的多样性。我们回顾了我们目前对动物和植物性别决定如何以及为什么进化的理解。有性生殖是地球上生命的一个古老特征,人类和其他模式物种中常见的X和Y染色体导致了性别决定机制古老而保守的印象。事实上,雄性和雌性是由在许多分类群中迅速进化的不同机制决定的。然而,这种主要性别决定信号的多样性与触发男性或女性发育的保守分子途径相结合。在基因组的不同部分和两性上的重复选择可能会驱动许多这些转变,但很少有性别决定机制快速更替的系统得到严格的研究。在这里,我们调查我们目前的理解如何以及为什么性别决定在动物和植物中进化,并确定我们的知识,目前令人兴奋的研究机会,以表征性别决定进化的进化力量和分子途径的重要差距。
Sex is universal amongst most eukaryotes, yet a remarkable diversity of sex determining mechanisms exists. We review our current understanding of how and why sex determination evolves in animals and plants. Sexual reproduction is an ancient feature of life on earth, and the familiar X and Y chromosomes in humans and other model species have led to the impression that sex determination mechanisms are old and conserved. In fact, males and females are determined by diverse mechanisms that evolve rapidly in many taxa. Yet this diversity in primary sex-determining signals is coupled with conserved molecular pathways that trigger male or female development. Conflicting selection on different parts of the genome and on the two sexes may drive many of these transitions, but few systems with rapid turnover of sex determination mechanisms have been rigorously studied. Here we survey our current understanding of how and why sex determination evolves in animals and plants and identify important gaps in our knowledge that present exciting research opportunities to characterize the evolutionary forces and molecular pathways underlying the evolution of sex determination.
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