Retinoid-independent motor neurogenesis from human embryonic stem cells reveals a medial columnar ground state.

Retinoid-independent motor neurogenesis from human embryonic stem cells reveals a medial columnar ground state.
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DOI:
10.1038/ncomms1216
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Chandran, S.
Chandran, S.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Patani, R.;Hollins, A. J.;Wishart, T. M.;Puddifoot, C. A.;Alvarez, S.;de Lera, A. R.;Wyllie, D. J. A.;Compston, D. A. S.;Pedersen, R. A.;Gillingwater, T. H.;Hardingham, G. E.;Allen, N. D.;Chandran, S.

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神经生物学的一个主要挑战是了解人类神经元多样化的机制。运动神经元(MN)代表了神经元亚型的多样性集合,在不同的人类神经退行性疾病中显示出不同的脆弱性。操纵细胞亚型多样化的能力对于建立准确的、临床相关的体外疾病模型至关重要。维甲酸信号有助于尾部前体规范和随后的MN亚型多样化。在这里,我们调查的必要性,视黄酸在运动神经发生从人类胚胎干细胞。我们表明,激活素/节点信号传导抑制,其次是音刺猬激动剂治疗,是足够的MN前体规范,这甚至发生在类维生素A通路拮抗剂的存在下。重要的是,前体成熟为表达HB 9/ChAT的功能性MN。此外,类维生素A独立的运动神经发生的结果在基态偏尾,内侧运动柱的身份,从一个更大的类维生素A依赖的MN的多样性,包括那些外侧运动柱,可以选择性地在体外衍生。 从胚胎干细胞中产生运动神经元的兴趣很大,因为它们可能对神经退行性疾病的研究有用。Patani等人表明,在缺乏视黄酸的情况下,可以从人胚胎干细胞产生具有内侧运动柱状神经元特征的神经元。
A major challenge in neurobiology is to understand mechanisms underlying human neuronal diversification. Motor neurons (MNs) represent a diverse collection of neuronal subtypes, displaying differential vulnerability in different human neurodegenerative diseases. The ability to manipulate cell subtype diversification is critical to establish accurate, clinically relevant in vitro disease models. Retinoid signalling contributes to caudal precursor specification and subsequent MN subtype diversification. Here we investigate the necessity for retinoic acid in motor neurogenesis from human embryonic stem cells. We show that activin/nodal signalling inhibition, followed by sonic hedgehog agonist treatment, is sufficient for MN precursor specification, which occurs even in the presence of retinoid pathway antagonists. Importantly, precursors mature into HB9/ChAT-expressing functional MNs. Furthermore, retinoid-independent motor neurogenesis results in a ground state biased to caudal, medial motor columnar identities from which a greater retinoid-dependent diversity of MNs, including those of lateral motor columns, can be selectively derived in vitro. There is much interest in generating motor neurons from embryonic stem cells because they may be useful for the study of neurodegenerative disease. Patani et al. show that in the absence of retinoic acid, neurons with features of medial motor columnar neurons can be generated from human embryonic stem cells.
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