Is he being bad? Social and language brain networks during social judgment in children with autism.
Is he being bad? Social and language brain networks during social judgment in children with autism.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0047241
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lehman JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter EJ;Williams DL;Minshew NJ;Lehman JF
自闭症患者经常违反社会规则，在识别和解释不恰当的社会行为方面的准确性较低。12名自闭症儿童（AD）和13名典型发育儿童（TD）参加了这项关于社会判断神经功能基础的fMRI研究。参与者指出两张照片中的哪一张是男孩不好的（社会条件），或者两张照片中的哪一张是户外的（身体条件）。在组内的社会物理比较，TD儿童使用的组件的心智和语言网络[双侧额下回（IFG），双侧内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC），和双侧后上级颞沟（pSTS）]，而AD儿童使用的网络，主要是右IFG和双边pSTS，这表明减少使用的社会和语言网络在这个社会判断任务。社会-身体对比的直接组间比较显示，TD组的mPFC、双侧IFG和左侧上上级颞极活动均大于AD组。在该比较中，AD组中没有区域比TD组中更活跃。两组人都成功地完成了任务，这需要最少的语言。这两组人在眼动追踪测试中的表现也相似，这表明激活结果可能反映了自闭症组使用了更基本的策略，而不是表现差异。尽管语言是不必要的，但TD儿童在社交任务中招募了语言区域，这表明他们的知识自动编码为语言;然而，自闭症儿童的情况并非如此。这些发现支持了行为研究，即自闭症儿童可能会识别出不恰当的社交行为，但他们很难用口头语言来解释为什么不恰当。功能磁共振成像结果表明，AD儿童可能不会自动使用语言来编码他们的社会理解，使表达和概括这些知识更加困难。
Individuals with autism often violate social rules and have lower accuracy in identifying and explaining inappropriate social behavior. Twelve children with autism (AD) and thirteen children with typical development (TD) participated in this fMRI study of the neurofunctional basis of social judgment. Participants indicated in which of two pictures a boy was being bad (Social condition) or which of two pictures was outdoors (Physical condition). In the within-group Social–Physical comparison, TD children used components of mentalizing and language networks [bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS)], whereas AD children used a network that was primarily right IFG and bilateral pSTS, suggesting reduced use of social and language networks during this social judgment task. A direct group comparison on the Social–Physical contrast showed that the TD group had greater mPFC, bilateral IFG, and left superior temporal pole activity than the AD group. No regions were more active in the AD group than in the group with TD in this comparison. Both groups successfully performed the task, which required minimal language. The groups also performed similarly on eyetracking measures, indicating that the activation results probably reflect the use of a more basic strategy by the autism group rather than performance disparities. Even though language was unnecessary, the children with TD recruited language areas during the social task, suggesting automatic encoding of their knowledge into language; however, this was not the case for the children with autism. These findings support behavioral research indicating that, whereas children with autism may recognize socially inappropriate behavior, they have difficulty using spoken language to explain why it is inappropriate. The fMRI results indicate that AD children may not automatically use language to encode their social understanding, making expression and generalization of this knowledge more difficult.
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