Aggression in low functioning children and adolescents with autistic disorder.
Aggression in low functioning children and adolescents with autistic disorder.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0014358
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发表时间：
2010-12-21
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tordjman S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bronsard G;Botbol M;Tordjman S
父母、照顾者和心理健康专业人员经常报告患有自闭症的儿童或青少年遭受暴力和攻击行为。然而，这些观察结果大多来自轶事报道，并且对自闭症攻击行为的频率和特征的研究仍然有限。我们的目标是更好地描述和理解一大群自闭症患者在不同观察情况下表现出的不同类型的攻击行为。该研究针对 74 名患有自闭症的儿童和青少年以及 115 名性别、年龄和青春期阶段相匹配的正常发育对照个体进行。使用经过验证的量表在三种观察情况（家中的父母、日托中心的两名护理人员、抽血期间的一名护士和一名儿童精神科医生）中评估其他伤害行为（OIB）。与抽血期间正常发育的对照个体相比，自闭症个体中 OIB 的发生率显着更高（23% vs. 0%，P<0.01）。父母观察到孩子的 OIB 明显低于照顾者（34% vs. 58%，P<0.05）。此外，根据父母和照顾者的观察，自闭症患者出现 OIB 之前最常见的并发行为是与焦虑相关的行为和兴奋。结果表明，在有压力的情况下，例如抽血，自闭症患者通过 OIB 等行为释放压力，而典型的发育中个体则通过认知技能来调节和表达压力，例如心理应对策略、代表和预期压力情况的符号化技能、社交互动以及言语或非言语交流。研究结果还强调了环境在评估 OIB 和制定治疗观点方面的关键作用，个人根据环境调节自己的行为，以及根据观察者的说法，环境感知这种行为并以不同的耐受阈值对其做出反应。
Parents, caregivers and mental health professionals have often reported violence and aggression in children or adolescents with autistic disorder. However, most of these observations derived from anecdotal reports, and studies on frequency and characterization of aggression in autism remain limited. Our objective was to better characterize and understand the different types of aggressive behaviors displayed by a large group of individuals with autism in different observational situations. The study was conducted on 74 children and adolescents with autism and 115 typically developing control individuals matched for sex, age and pubertal stage. Other-Injurious Behaviors (OIB) were assessed in three observational situations (parents at home, two caregivers at day-care, a nurse and a child psychiatrist during blood drawing) using validated scales. The frequency of OIB was significantly higher in individuals with autism compared to typically developing control individuals during the blood drawing (23% vs. 0%, P<0 .01). The parents observed significantly less OIB in their children than caregivers (34% vs. 58%, P<0.05). In addition, the most frequent concurrent behaviors occurring just before the appearance of OIB in individuals with autism were anxiety-related behaviors and excitation according to the parental as well as the caregiver observation. The results suggest that in a stressful situation, such as the blood drawing, individuals with autism release their stress through behaviors such as OIB, whereas typically developing individuals regulate and express their stress through cognitive skills such as mental coping strategies, symbolization skills with representation and anticipation of the stressful situation, social interaction and verbal or non-verbal communication. The findings underline also the key role of the environment in assessing OIB and developing therapeutic perspectives, with an individual who modulates his/her behavior according to the environment, and an environment that perceives this behavior and reacts to it with different tolerance thresholds according to the observers.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Richell, RA;Mitchell, DGV;Blair, RJR
通讯作者：
Blair, RJR
DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00517.x
发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
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10.1016/s0005-7916(01)00007-6
发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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Reed, HK