Vehicle safety characteristics in vulnerable driver populations.
Vehicle safety characteristics in vulnerable driver populations.
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2020.1805445
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发表时间：
2020-10-12
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Curry AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Metzger KB;Sartin E;Foss RD;Joyce N;Curry AE
国家数据显示，年轻、年长和社会经济地位较低的驾驶员的车祸伤害率较高。确保弱势司机乘坐他们能负担得起的最安全的车辆是减少这些群体车祸伤害的一种有希望的方法。然而，我们不知道这些司机驾驶不安全车辆的比例有多大。我们的目标是获得基于人口的估计流行的重要车辆安全标准之间的全州人口的司机。我们分析了来自新泽西州安全和健康结果仓库的数据，其中包括2010-2017年的所有许可和碰撞数据。我们借用了准诱导暴露方法的基本原理--清洁（即，只有一个负责任的司机）多车碰撞是合理的代表司机在道路上，以估计全州范围内的流行率的司机的车辆特征，在四个司机年龄组（17-20; 21-24; 25-64，≥65）和五分之一的人口普查区家庭收入中位数（n= 983，372）。我们使用NHTSA的产品信息目录和车辆列表平台（vPIC）来解码每辆涉及碰撞的车辆的VIN，以获得车型年份，电子稳定控制系统（ESC）的存在，车辆类型，发动机马力以及前，侧和窗帘安全气囊的存在。最年轻和最年长的驾驶员比中年驾驶员更有可能驾驶较旧的车辆，没有ESC，也没有配备侧气囊。此外，在所有年龄组中，与SES较低的驾驶员相比，SES较高的驾驶员乘坐的车辆更新，更安全。例如，生活在最低收入人口普查区的年轻司机驾驶的车辆平均年龄几乎是生活在最高收入地区的年轻司机的两倍（中位数[IQR]：11年[6-14] vs. 6年[3-11]）。车辆安全是旨在减少碰撞死亡的开创性道路安全理念的重要组成部分。然而，在致命车祸中占主导地位的驾驶员群体--年轻驾驶员、老年驾驶员和SES较低的驾驶员--也在驾驶不太安全的车辆。应进一步探讨确保驾驶员乘坐他们能负担得起的最安全的汽车，以此作为减少弱势群体中与碰撞有关的伤害的一种方法。
National data suggest drivers who are younger, older, and have lower socioeconomic status (SES) have heightened crash-related injury rates. Ensuring vulnerable drivers are in the safest vehicles they can afford is a promising approach to reducing crash injuries in these groups. However, we do not know the extent to which these drivers are disproportionately driving less safe vehicles. Our objective was to obtain population-based estimates of the prevalence of important vehicle safety criteria among a statewide population of drivers. We analyzed data from the NJ Safety and Health Outcomes warehouse, which includes all licensing and crash data from 2010–2017. We borrowed the quasi-induced exposure method’s fundamental assumption—that non-responsible drivers in clean (i.e., only one responsible driver) multi-vehicle crashes are reasonably representative of drivers on the road—to estimate statewide prevalence of drivers’ vehicle characteristics across four driver age groups (17–20; 21–24; 25–64, and ≥65) and quintiles of census tract median household income (n=983,372). We used NHTSA’s Product Information Catalog and Vehicle Listing platform (vPIC) to decode the VIN of each crash-involved vehicle to obtain model year, presence of electronic stability control (ESC), vehicle type, engine horsepower, and presence of front, side, and curtain air bags. The youngest and oldest drivers were more likely than middle-aged drivers to drive vehicles that were older, did not have ESC, and were not equipped with side airbags. Additionally, across all age groups drivers of higher SES were in newer and safer vehicles compared with those of lower SES. For example, young drivers living in lowest-income census tracts drove vehicles that were on average almost twice as old as young drivers living in highest-income tracts (median [IQR]: 11 years [6–14] vs. 6 years [3–11]). Vehicle safety is an important component of seminal road safety philosophies that aim to reduce crash fatalities. However, driver groups that are overrepresented in fatal crashes--young drivers, older drivers, and those of lower SES—are also driving the less safe vehicles. Ensuring drivers are in the safest car they can afford should be further explored as an approach to reduce crash-related injuries among vulnerable populations.
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