Dopamine Neurons Reflect the Uncertainty in Fear Generalization.
Dopamine Neurons Reflect the Uncertainty in Fear Generalization.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.028
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发表时间:
2018-11-21
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Zweifel LS
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jo YS;Heymann G;Zweifel LS
Generalized fear is a maladaptive behavior in which non-threatening stimuli elicit a fearful response. Here we demonstrate that discrimination between predictive and non-predictive threat stimuli is highly sensitive to probabilistic discounting and increasing threat intensity in mice. We find that dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) encode both the negative valence of threat-predictive cues and the certainty of threat prediction. As fear generalization emerges the dopamine neurons that are activated by a threat predictive cue (CS+) decrease the amplitude of activation and an equivalent signal emerges to a non-predictive cue (CS−). Temporally precise enhancement of dopamine neurons during threat conditioning to high-threat levels or uncertain threats can prevent generalization. Moreover, phasic enhancement of genetically captured dopamine neurons activated by threat cues can reverse fear generalization. These findings demonstrate the dopamine neurons reflect the certainty of threat prediction that can be used to inform and update the fear engram. Jo et al., demonstrate that dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area encode the prediction of future threat. They demonstrate that elevated threat levels and increased uncertainty of threats induce fear generalization that is reflected in the dopamine code.
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DOI:
10.3758/s13415-014-0277-8
发表时间:
2014-06
期刊:
Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience
影响因子:
--
作者:
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影响因子:
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DOI:
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发表时间:
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期刊:
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)
影响因子:
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作者:
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通讯作者:
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影响因子:
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