Dopamine Neurons Reflect the Uncertainty in Fear Generalization.

Dopamine Neurons Reflect the Uncertainty in Fear Generalization.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.028
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发表时间:
2018-11-21
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Zweifel LS
Zweifel LS
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jo YS;Heymann G;Zweifel LS

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广泛性恐惧是一种适应不良行为,在这种行为中,非威胁性刺激会引起恐惧反应。在这里,我们证明了预测和非预测威胁刺激之间的区分对概率折扣和增加的威胁强度高度敏感。研究发现,腹侧被盖区多巴胺神经元既编码威胁预测线索的负效价,也编码威胁预测的确定性。当恐惧泛化出现时,被威胁预测性线索(CS+)激活的多巴胺神经元的激活幅度降低,而被非预测性线索(CS -)激活的多巴胺神经元的激活幅度也相应降低。在对高威胁水平或不确定威胁进行威胁条件反射时,多巴胺神经元在时间上的精确增强可以阻止泛化。此外,被威胁线索激活的基因捕获的多巴胺神经元的阶段性增强可以逆转恐惧泛化。这些发现表明,多巴胺神经元反映了威胁预测的确定性,可以用来通知和更新恐惧印痕。Jo等人证明,腹侧被盖区的多巴胺神经元编码对未来威胁的预测。他们证明,威胁水平的提高和威胁的不确定性的增加会导致恐惧泛化,这反映在多巴胺代码中。
Generalized fear is a maladaptive behavior in which non-threatening stimuli elicit a fearful response. Here we demonstrate that discrimination between predictive and non-predictive threat stimuli is highly sensitive to probabilistic discounting and increasing threat intensity in mice. We find that dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) encode both the negative valence of threat-predictive cues and the certainty of threat prediction. As fear generalization emerges the dopamine neurons that are activated by a threat predictive cue (CS+) decrease the amplitude of activation and an equivalent signal emerges to a non-predictive cue (CS−). Temporally precise enhancement of dopamine neurons during threat conditioning to high-threat levels or uncertain threats can prevent generalization. Moreover, phasic enhancement of genetically captured dopamine neurons activated by threat cues can reverse fear generalization. These findings demonstrate the dopamine neurons reflect the certainty of threat prediction that can be used to inform and update the fear engram. Jo et al., demonstrate that dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area encode the prediction of future threat. They demonstrate that elevated threat levels and increased uncertainty of threats induce fear generalization that is reflected in the dopamine code.
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