How absolute is zero? An evaluation of historical and current definitions of malaria elimination.
How absolute is zero? An evaluation of historical and current definitions of malaria elimination.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-9-213
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发表时间：
2010-07-22
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Smith DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen JM;Moonen B;Snow RW;Smith DL
在一个国家的全部或部分地区消除疟疾的决定涉及一系列复杂的因素，而围绕着一些关键术语的模糊性，尤其是“控制”和“消除”，使这种复杂性更加复杂。如果没有明确定义终点，就不可能准确预测资源和业务需求，然而，即使在全球疟疾根除计划期间，关于“根除”的确切定义的辩论也很激烈。“关于“消除”和“控制”的含义的类似讨论今天基本上不存在，尽管这些术语对方案规划至关重要。为了推进当代关于这些问题的辩论，本文对常用术语（包括控制、消除和根除）进行了历史回顾，以帮助理解当前对这些概念的理解。通过描述输入后疟疾病例扩散的简单分支过程模型，对这些定义所依据的基本数学概念进行了分析，为审查提供了支持。通过这一分析，务实的定义，是有用的提供疟疾控制和消除方案与一套切实可行的战略里程碑的重要性得到强调，有人认为，目前的概念，特别是消除未能实现这些要求。为了向所有国家提供准确的目标，提出了新的概念定义，以更准确地描述“控制”-这里更准确地称为“受控制的低流行性疟疾”-和“消除”的旧目标。“此外，有人认为，第三个国家，称为“控制的非地方性疟疾”，需要描述流行病学条件，在这种条件下，地方性传播已经中断，但由输入性感染引起的疟疾继续以足够高的水平发生，尚未实现消除。最后，指导方针进行了讨论，以获得单独的业务定义和指标，将需要使这些概念的相关性，可衡量的，可实现的特定环境。
Decisions to eliminate malaria from all or part of a country involve a complex set of factors, and this complexity is compounded by ambiguity surrounding some of the key terminology, most notably "control" and "elimination." It is impossible to forecast resource and operational requirements accurately if endpoints have not been defined clearly, yet even during the Global Malaria Eradication Program, debate raged over the precise definition of "eradication." Analogous deliberations regarding the meaning of "elimination" and "control" are basically nonexistent today despite these terms' core importance to programme planning. To advance the contemporary debate about these issues, this paper presents a historical review of commonly used terms, including control, elimination, and eradication, to help contextualize current understanding of these concepts. The review has been supported by analysis of the underlying mathematical concepts on which these definitions are based through simple branching process models that describe the proliferation of malaria cases following importation. Through this analysis, the importance of pragmatic definitions that are useful for providing malaria control and elimination programmes with a practical set of strategic milestones is emphasized, and it is argued that current conceptions of elimination in particular fail to achieve these requirements. To provide all countries with precise targets, new conceptual definitions are suggested to more precisely describe the old goals of "control" - here more exactly named "controlled low-endemic malaria" - and "elimination." Additionally, it is argued that a third state, called "controlled non-endemic malaria," is required to describe the epidemiological condition in which endemic transmission has been interrupted, but malaria resulting from onwards transmission from imported infections continues to occur at a sufficiently high level that elimination has not been achieved. Finally, guidelines are discussed for deriving the separate operational definitions and metrics that will be required to make these concepts relevant, measurable, and achievable for a particular environment.
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影响因子：
56.3
作者：
Hay, Simon I.;Smith, David L.;Snow, Robert W.
通讯作者：
Snow, Robert W.
DOI：
10.2105/ajph.53.1.1
发表时间：
1963-01-01
期刊：
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE NATIONS HEALTH
影响因子：
--
作者：
ANDREWS, JM;LANGMUIR, AD
通讯作者：
LANGMUIR, AD
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Farrington, CP;Kanaan, MN;Gay, NJ
通讯作者：
Gay, NJ
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.187
发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Carter, R;Mendis, K
通讯作者：
Mendis, K
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
GOMES, M
通讯作者：
GOMES, M