AINTEGUMENTA and the D-type cyclin CYCD3;1 independently contribute to petal size control in Arabidopsis: evidence for organ size compensation being an emergent rather than a determined property.
AINTEGUMENTA and the D-type cyclin CYCD3;1 independently contribute to petal size control in Arabidopsis: evidence for organ size compensation being an emergent rather than a determined property.
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/erv200
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Murray JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Randall RS;Sornay E;Dewitte W;Murray JA
有证据表明，AINTEGUMENTA转录因子不调节细胞增殖过程中横向气生器官生长通过控制表达的D型细胞周期蛋白CYCD 3;1。植物侧向气生器官（LAO）的生长取决于组成该器官的细胞的数量和大小。一个参数的遗传改变通常伴随着另一个参数的变化，使得对最终LAO大小的总体影响最小化，这表明是由活性器官水平的“补偿机制”引起的。例如，aintegumenta（ant）突变体在LAO中表现出细胞数量减少但细胞大小增加。ANT转录因子调节LAO生长的细胞分裂期的持续时间，并且其异位表达与细胞周期调节剂CYCD 3的水平增加相关;1.这以前已经导致ANT调节CYCD 3的建议;1。这里显示，虽然ANT是花瓣中正常细胞增殖所需的，但CYCD 3;1不是，这表明ANT在花瓣生长期间不调节CYCD 3;1。此外，CYCD 3;1表达在野生型和ant-9花中相似。与蚂蚁突变体中细胞大小和数量之间的补偿性变化相反，cycd 3;1突变体显示花瓣细胞大小增加而不伴随细胞数量的变化，导致更大的器官。然而，在ant-9突变背景中CYCD 3;1的丢失导致与补偿机制一致的表型。这些显然是任意的补偿的例子是通过一个模型的LAO的增长，其中不同的阶段的分裂和细胞扩张占据不同长度的一个定义的整体增长窗口。这导致的建议，许多意见的“补偿机制”可能会更简单地解释为新兴的LAO发展的属性。
Evidence is provided that the AINTEGUMENTA transcription factor does not regulate cell proliferation during lateral aerial organ growth through controlling expression of the D-type cyclin CYCD3;1. Plant lateral aerial organ (LAO) growth is determined by the number and size of cells comprising the organ. Genetic alteration of one parameter is often accompanied by changes in the other, such that the overall effect on final LAO size is minimized, suggested to be caused by an active organ level ‘compensation mechanism’. For example, the aintegumenta (ant) mutant exhibits reduced cell number but increased cell size in LAOs. The ANT transcription factor regulates the duration of the cell division phase of LAO growth, and its ectopic expression is correlated with increased levels of the cell cycle regulator CYCD3;1. This has previously led to the suggestion that ANT regulates CYCD3;1. It is shown here that while ANT is required for normal cell proliferation in petals, CYCD3;1 is not, suggesting that ANT does not regulate CYCD3;1 during petal growth. Moreover CYCD3;1 expression was similar in wild-type and ant-9 flowers. In contrast to the compensatory changes between cell size and number in ant mutants, cycd3;1 mutants show increased petal cell size unaccompanied by changes in cell number, leading to larger organs. However, loss of CYCD3;1 in the ant-9 mutant background leads to a phenotype consistent with compensation mechanisms. These apparently arbitrary examples of compensation are reconciled through a model of LAO growth in which distinct phases of division and cell expansion occupy differing lengths of a defined overall growth window. This leads to the proposal that many observations of ‘compensation mechanisms’ might alternatively be more simply explained as emergent properties of LAO development.
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