Early life factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Early life factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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早期生活因素和 2 型糖尿病

DOI:
10.1155/2013/485082
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Liu Y
Liu Y
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jiang X;Ma H;Wang Y;Liu Y

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2型糖尿病(T2DM)是一种多因素疾病,其病因涉及遗传、表观遗传和环境因素之间复杂的相互作用。近年来,来自人类和动物实验的证据表明,早期生活因素与成年生活中的糖尿病风险相关。胎儿和新生儿时期是器官发育的关键时期。怀孕期间的许多母亲因素可能会增加后代在以后的生活中患糖尿病的风险,包括营养不良、健康(高血糖和肥胖)、行为(吸烟、饮酒和垃圾食品饮食)、激素管理,甚至压力。在新生儿中,追赶型生长、哺乳、糖皮质激素的使用和压力都被发现会增加胰岛素抵抗或2型糖尿病的风险。不利的环境(社会经济状况和饥荒)或肥胖也会对儿童产生长期的负面影响,导致成人对2型糖尿病的易感性增加。我们还探讨了T2DM发展规划的潜在机制。因此,有可能通过改善产前和/或产后因素来预防或延缓2型糖尿病的发生。
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease, and its aetiology involves a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. In recent years, evidences from both human and animal experiments have correlated early life factors with programming diabetes risk in adult life. Fetal and neonatal period is crucial for organ development. Many maternal factors during pregnancy may increase the risk of diabetes of offsprings in later life, which include malnutrition, healthy (hyperglycemia and obesity), behavior (smoking, drinking, and junk food diet), hormone administration, and even stress. In neonates, catch-up growth, lactation, glucocorticoids administration, and stress have all been found to increase the risk of insulin resistance or T2DM. Unfavorable environments (socioeconomic situation and famine) or obesity also has long-term negative effects on children by causing increased susceptibility to T2DM in adults. We also address the potential mechanisms that may underlie the developmental programming of T2DM. Therefore, it might be possible to prevent or delay the risk for T2DM by improving pre- and/or postnatal factors.
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