Visualization and ecohydrologic models: Opening the box

Visualization and ecohydrologic models: Opening the box
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可视化和生态水文模型:打开盒子

DOI:
10.1002/hyp.13991
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Frew, James
Frew, James
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tague, Christina;Frew, James

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地球系统模型综合了多个生物物理过程之间相互作用的科学,而且越来越多地涉及广泛范围的人类过程。生态水文模型是地球系统模型的一个子集,它特别侧重于生态系统过程与水的储存和流动之间的复杂相互作用。生态水文模型通常侧重于发生直接观测的尺度:地块、山坡、溪流和流域,以及实施土地和资源管理决策的尺度。这些模型通过将理论、来自观察的经验关系和新数据结合在一起来创建虚拟实验室,从而补充了基于现场的科学和数据驱动的科学。生态水文学模型是管理者可以用来问“如果”问题的工具,领域科学家可以用来探索新理论或测量方法的含义。近几十年来,在新的领域科学以及软件工程和数据可获得性方面的进展的基础上,生态水文模型取得了实质性进展。然而,生态水文模型的日益复杂,给它们的广泛使用和可信度带来了障碍。它们的复杂性意味着它们实际上是“黑匣子”,至少对大多数用户来说是这样,有时甚至对为其设计做出贡献的研究团队来说也是如此。这种不透明性使模型结果的解释变得复杂。为了让模型有效地推进我们对植物和水如何相互作用的理解,我们必须改进不仅是模型输出的可视化,而且是模型中编码的基本理论的可视化。在这篇文章中,我们概述了一个通过更好的可视化来增加生态水文模型的有用性的框架。我们概述了四种互补的方法,从利用现有技术的简单最佳实践,到采用新颖软件工程和尖端人机界面设计的想法。我们的目标是打开生态水文模型黑匣子,以吸引从新手到模型开发人员的多种受众,并支持学习、新发现和环境问题解决。
Earth system models synthesize the science of interactions amongst multiple biophysical and, increasingly, human processes across a wide range of scales. Ecohydrologic models are a subset of earth system models that focus particularly on the complex interactions between ecosystem processes and the storage and flux of water. Ecohydrologic models often focus at scales where direct observations occur: plots, hillslopes, streams, and watersheds, as well as where land and resource management decisions are implemented. These models complement field‐based and data‐driven science by combining theory, empirical relationships derived from observation and new data to create virtual laboratories. Ecohydrologic models are tools that managers can use to ask “what if” questions and domain scientists can use to explore the implications of new theory or measurements. Recent decades have seen substantial advances in ecohydrologic models, building on both new domain science and advances in software engineering and data availability. The increasing sophistication of ecohydrologic models however, presents a barrier to their widespread use and credibility. Their complexity, often encoding 100s of relationships, means that they are effectively “black boxes,” at least for most users, sometimes even to the teams of researchers that contribute to their design. This opacity complicates the interpretation of model results. For models to effectively advance our understanding of how plants and water interact, we must improve how we visualize not only model outputs, but also the underlying theories that are encoded within the models. In this paper, we outline a framework for increasing the usefulness of ecohydrologic models through better visualization. We outline four complementary approaches, ranging from simple best practices that leverage existing technologies, to ideas that would engage novel software engineering and cutting edge human–computer interface design. Our goal is to open the ecohydrologic model black box in ways that will engage multiple audiences, from novices to model developers, and support learning, new discovery, and environmental problem solving.
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