Debunking a myth: plant consciousness.
Debunking a myth: plant consciousness.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00709-020-01579-w
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发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Taiz L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mallatt J;Blatt MR;Draguhn A;Robinson DG;Taiz L
近年来，关于植物具有意识体验的说法有所增加，并得到了从大众媒体到科学期刊的广泛报道。此类说法具有误导性，并有可能误导资金和政府政策决策。在定义了基本的、初级的意识之后，我们针对植物意识的支持者提出的 12 条核心主张提供了新的论据。我们研究的三个重要的新结论是：（1）植物尚未被证明能够执行与意识相关的主动、预期行为，而只是反应性地感知和遵循刺激轨迹； (2) 植物中的电生理信号传递直接的生理功能，而不是像动物的神经系统那样进行综合信息处理，没有表明植物有意识； (3)经典巴甫洛夫植物学习的有争议的主张，即使正确，也是无关紧要的，因为这种类型的学习不需要意识。最后，我们基于两个逻辑假设提出了我们自己的假设，即哪些生物体拥有意识。我们的第一个假设是，情感（情感）意识的特点是具有对奖励和惩罚进行操作性学习的高级能力。我们的第二个假设是，基于图像的意识体验以体内外部环境的明显映射表征为标志。某些动物符合这两个标准，但植物两者都不符合。我们的结论是，植物意识的主张是高度推测性的，缺乏可靠的科学支持。
Claims that plants have conscious experiences have increased in recent years and have received wide coverage, from the popular media to scientific journals. Such claims are misleading and have the potential to misdirect funding and governmental policy decisions. After defining basic, primary consciousness, we provide new arguments against 12 core claims made by the proponents of plant consciousness. Three important new conclusions of our study are (1) plants have not been shown to perform the proactive, anticipatory behaviors associated with consciousness, but only to sense and follow stimulus trails reactively; (2) electrophysiological signaling in plants serves immediate physiological functions rather than integrative-information processing as in nervous systems of animals, giving no indication of plant consciousness; (3) the controversial claim of classical Pavlovian learning in plants, even if correct, is irrelevant because this type of learning does not require consciousness. Finally, we present our own hypothesis, based on two logical assumptions, concerning which organisms possess consciousness. Our first assumption is that affective (emotional) consciousness is marked by an advanced capacity for operant learning about rewards and punishments. Our second assumption is that image-based conscious experience is marked by demonstrably mapped representations of the external environment within the body. Certain animals fit both of these criteria, but plants fit neither. We conclude that claims for plant consciousness are highly speculative and lack sound scientific support.
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