Psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and burnout among international humanitarian aid workers: a longitudinal study.
Psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and burnout among international humanitarian aid workers: a longitudinal study.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0044948
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Simon W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lopes Cardozo B;Gotway Crawford C;Eriksson C;Zhu J;Sabin M;Ager A;Foy D;Snider L;Scholte W;Kaiser R;Olff M;Rijnen B;Simon W
在紧急情况下提供护理的国际人道主义援助工作者承受着许多慢性和创伤性压力。研究此类经历对援助人员心理健康的影响以及调节变量如何影响这种影响。我们对国际非政府组织样本进行了纵向研究。研究结果包括焦虑、抑郁、倦怠以及生活和工作满意度。我们在三个时间点进行了双变量回归分析。我们拟合了广义估计方程多变量回归模型进行纵向分析。来自 19 个非政府组织的研究参与者在三个时间点接受了评估：212 人在部署前参与；212 人在部署前参与； 169 (80%) 部署后；部署后 3-6 个月内有 154 例 (73%)。部署前，12 名（3.8%）参与者报告了焦虑症状，而部署后为 20 名（11.8%）（p = 0·0027）； 22 名 (10.4%) 报告了抑郁症状，而部署后有 33 名 (19.5%) (p = 0·0117) 和随访时有 31 名 (20.1%) (p = .00083)。精神疾病史（调整后的比值比 [AOR] 4.2；95% 置信区间 [CI] 1·45–12·50）会导致焦虑风险增加。巨大压力的经历会增加职业倦怠、人格解体的风险（AOR 1.5；95% CI 1.17-1.83）。与部署前相比，部署期间较高水平的慢性压力暴露导致抑郁风险增加（AOR 1·1；95% CI 1·02–1.20），并且导致倦怠情绪衰竭的风险增加（AOR 1.1；95% CI 1.04–1.19）。社会支持与较低水平的抑郁（AOR 0·9；95% CI 0·84–0·95）、心理困扰（AOR = 0.9；[CI] 0.85–0.97）、倦怠、缺乏个人成就感（AOR 0·95；95% CI 0·91–0·98）和更高的生活满意度相关(p = 0.0213)。在招募和准备部署援助人员时，组织应考虑精神疾病史，并采取措施减少慢性压力源，并加强社会支持网络。
International humanitarian aid workers providing care in emergencies are subjected to numerous chronic and traumatic stressors. To examine consequences of such experiences on aid workers' mental health and how the impact is influenced by moderating variables. We conducted a longitudinal study in a sample of international non-governmental organizations. Study outcomes included anxiety, depression, burnout, and life and job satisfaction. We performed bivariate regression analyses at three time points. We fitted generalized estimating equation multivariable regression models for the longitudinal analyses. Study participants from 19 NGOs were assessed at three time points: 212 participated at pre-deployment; 169 (80%) post-deployment; and 154 (73%) within 3–6 months after deployment. Prior to deployment, 12 (3.8%) participants reported anxiety symptoms, compared to 20 (11.8%) at post-deployment (p = 0·0027); 22 (10.4%) reported depression symptoms, compared to 33 (19.5%) at post-deployment (p = 0·0117) and 31 (20.1%) at follow-up (p = .00083). History of mental illness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·45–12·50) contributed to an increased risk for anxiety. The experience of extraordinary stress was a contributor to increased risk for burnout depersonalization (AOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.17–1.83). Higher levels of chronic stress exposure during deployment were contributors to an increased risk for depression (AOR 1·1; 95% CI 1·02–1.20) comparing post- versus pre-deployment, and increased risk for burnout emotional exhaustion (AOR 1.1; 95% CI 1.04–1.19). Social support was associated with lower levels of depression (AOR 0·9; 95% CI 0·84–0·95), psychological distress (AOR = 0.9; [CI] 0.85–0.97), burnout lack of personal accomplishment (AOR 0·95; 95% CI 0·91–0·98), and greater life satisfaction (p = 0.0213). When recruiting and preparing aid workers for deployment, organizations should consider history of mental illness and take steps to decrease chronic stressors, and strengthen social support networks.
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DOI：
10.1002/bs.3830190102
发表时间：
1974-01-01
期刊：
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
影响因子：
--
作者：
DEROGATIS, LR;LIPMAN, RS;COVI, L
通讯作者：
COVI, L
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Bliese, PD;Halverson, RR
通讯作者：
Halverson, RR
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Purvanova, Radostina K.;Muros, John P.
通讯作者：
Muros, John P.
DOI：
10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
发表时间：
1976-01-01
期刊：
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE
影响因子：
--
作者：
HACKMAN, JR;OLDHAM, GR
通讯作者：
OLDHAM, GR
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Holtz, TH;Salama, P;Gotway, CA
通讯作者：
Gotway, CA