Phytophthora zoospores: From perception of environmental signals to inoculum formation on the host-root surface.
Phytophthora zoospores: From perception of environmental signals to inoculum formation on the host-root surface.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.045
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Galiana E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bassani I;Larousse M;Tran QD;Attard A;Galiana E
为了探索潮湿的土壤和靶向宿主植物，植物病原疫霉属物种利用它们产生的双鞭毛单细胞游动孢子的感觉和推进能力。游动孢子的运动及其与微环境的相互作用对疫霉的生理起着至关重要的作用。这些也是至关重要的意义，植物病理学在早期感染的顺序事件及其调控：定向游动孢子向主机迁移，在主机的局部聚集和粘附穿透网站。在土壤中，这些早期事件之前的根定植精心策划的指导因素，从土壤颗粒中释放的水膜，或微生物群内和宿主植物。这种信号网络被游动孢子感知，并导致根际协调行为和优先定位。最近的计算和结构研究表明，根际离子和植物代谢物的传感是一个关键的决定因素，在驱动游动孢子的运动，定向和聚集。为了到达它们的目标，游动孢子对各种分子、化学和电刺激做出反应。然而，目前还不清楚这些信号是如何产生的，在当地的土壤生态位和基因功能管理游动孢子的传感和随后的反应。本文综述了影响游动孢子运动的土壤、微生物和寄主植物因素，以及游动孢子行为的适应机制。我们提出了几个研究方向，可以探讨游动孢子微生物生态学在疾病中的作用。
To explore moist soils and to target host plants, phytopathogenic Phytophthora species utilize the sensory and propulsion capabilities of the biflagellate unicellular zoospores they produce. Zoospore motion and interactions with the microenvironment are of primary importance for Phytophthora physiology. These are also of critical significance for plant pathology in early infection sequential events and their regulation: the directed zoospore migration toward the host, the local aggregation and adhesion at the host penetration site. In the soil, these early events preceding the root colonization are orchestrated by guidance factors, released from the soil particles in water films, or emitted within microbiota and by host plants. This signaling network is perceived by zoospores and results in coordinated behavior and preferential localization in the rhizosphere. Recent computational and structural studies suggest that rhizospheric ion and plant metabolite sensing is a key determinant in driving zoospore motion, orientation and aggregation. To reach their target, zoospores respond to various molecular, chemical and electrical stimuli. However, it is not yet clear how these signals are generated in local soil niches and which gene functions govern the sensing and subsequent responses of zoospores. Here we review studies on the soil, microbial and host-plant factors that drive zoospore motion, as well as the adaptations governing zoospore behavior. We propose several research directions that could be explored to characterize the role of zoospore microbial ecology in disease.
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