Topographic effects on dispersal patterns of Phytophthora cinnamomi at a stand scale in a Spanish heathland.
Topographic effects on dispersal patterns of Phytophthora cinnamomi at a stand scale in a Spanish heathland.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0195060
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Abad E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cardillo E;Acedo A;Abad E
肉桂疫霉（Phytophthora cinnamomi）是世界上最重要的植物病原菌之一，可引起上千种植物的根腐病。本研究是在一片被肉桂疫霉感染的埃里卡石楠荒地上进行的。利用航空照片记录，在空间和时间范围内描述了疫源地的模式和形状及其分布。一组地形特征的基础上选择的疾病动态假说和观察到的空间疾病模式的影响进行了分析。位于平坦地带的初期感染以低增长率的紧凑圆形前模式扩展。在坡面上，病斑沿坡向下发展更快，形成抛物线形状。抛物线的轴向与地形高度相关，而抛物线幅度与地形曲率和坡度相关。随着时间的推移出现了新的继发病灶，导致受累面积加速增加。这些新的疫源地出现在疾病密度较高的地点或动物经常光顾的地点附近，如马厩或饲料作物。相比之下，较少数量的疾病病灶发生在动物不愿意访问的区域，例如它们视力较短的地方。我们的研究结果表明：1）现有的肉桂疫源地的生长是由根与根的接触和水流的组合控制的，2）患病面积的增加主要是由于斑块的增殖，3）新疫源地的形成是由动物和人类沿着沿着某些优先路径的长距离运输介导的，4）地貌和地形特征与土传病原菌的流行有关。
Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the most important plant pathogens in the world, causing root rot in more than a thousand plant species. This observational study was carried out on a P. cinnamomi infected heathland of Erica umbellata used as goat pasture. The patterns and shapes of disease foci and their distribution were described in a spatial and temporal context using an aerial photograph record. A set of topographic traits was selected on the basis of a disease dynamic hypothesis and their effects on observed spatial disease patterns were analyzed. Incipient infections situated in flat terrain expanded as compact circular front patterns with a low growth rate. On slopes, disease patches developed more rapidly down slope, forming parabolic shapes. The axis direction of the parabolas was highly correlated with terrain aspect, while the parabolic amplitude was associated with land curvature and slope. New secondary foci appeared over the years producing an accelerated increase of the affected surface. These new foci were observed in sites where disease density was higher or near sites more frequently visited by animals such as the stable or the forage crop. In contrast, a smaller number of disease foci occur in areas which animals are reluctant to visit, such as where they have a short range of vision. Our results suggest that 1) the growth of existing P. cinnamomi foci is controlled by a combination of root-to-root contact and water flows, 2) the increase in the diseased area arises mainly from the multiplication of patches, 3) the formation of new foci is mediated by long-distance transport due to the movement of animals and humans along certain preferential pathways, and 4) geomorphology and topography traits are associated with the epidemiology of this soil-borne pathogen.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Acedo, A.;Cardillo, E.;Perez-Sierra, A.
通讯作者：
Perez-Sierra, A.
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Burgess, Treena I.;Scott, John K.;Hardy, Giles E. St. J.
通讯作者：
Hardy, Giles E. St. J.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Balci, Y;Halmschlager, E
通讯作者：
Halmschlager, E
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
HILL, TCJ;TIPPETT, JT;SHEARER, BL
通讯作者：
SHEARER, BL
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Balci, Y.;Long, R. P.;MacDonald, W. L.
通讯作者：
MacDonald, W. L.